Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 1 of 27 Chapter 2 Section 1 Organizing Qualitative Data.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Advertisements

Chapter 3 Graphic Methods for Describing Data. 2 Basic Terms  A frequency distribution for categorical data is a table that displays the possible categories.
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter 2 Picturing Variation with Graphs.
Copyright © 2013, 2009, and 2007, Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 2 Exploring Data with Graphs and Numerical Summaries Section 2.2 Graphical Summaries.
Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Lecture Slides Elementary Statistics Eleventh Edition and the Triola.
8.1 Types of Data Displays Remember to Silence Your Cell Phone and Put It In Your Bag!
1 Probabilistic and Statistical Techniques Lecture 3 Dr. Nader Okasha.
1 Describing Qualitative Data Here we study ways of describing a variable that is qualitative.
© 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved Organizing and Summarizing Data Graphically.
1 Describing Categorical Data Here we study ways of describing a variable that is categorical.
Sullivan – Statistics: Informed Decisions Using Data – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 3 Introduction – Slide 1 of 3 Topic 16 Numerically Summarizing Data- Averages.
QBM117 Business Statistics Descriptive Statistics Graphical Presentation of Qualitative Data.
Chapter Two Organizing and Summarizing Data 2.1 Organizing Qualitative Data.
Organizing Information Pictorially Using Charts and Graphs
Statistics-MAT 150 Chapter 2 Descriptive Statistics
1 Describing Quantitative Data Here we study ways of describing a variable that is quantitative.
Section 3.2 ~ Picturing Distributions of Data
Frequency Distributions and Graphs
Welcome to Data Analysis and Interpretation
© Copyright McGraw-Hill CHAPTER 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs.
Displaying Distributions With Graphs Section 1.1.
Graphical summaries of data
1 1 Slide STATISTICS FOR BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS Seventh Edition AndersonSweeneyWilliams Slides Prepared by John Loucks © 1999 ITP/South-Western College.
Organizing Data Section 2.1.
ORGANIZING QUALITATIVE DATA 2.1. FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION Qualitative data values can be organized by a frequency distribution A frequency distribution.
 Frequency Distribution is a statistical technique to explore the underlying patterns of raw data.  Preparing frequency distribution tables, we can.
In this chapter, we will look at some charts and graphs used to summarize categorical data.
Statistics Unit 2: Organizing Data Ms. Hernandez St. Pius X High School
Chapter 2 Organizing Data Understanding Basic Statistics Fifth Edition By Brase and Brase Prepared by Jon Booze.
Business Statistics: A Decision-Making Approach, 6e © 2005 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chap 2-1 Business Statistics: A Decision-Making Approach 6 th Edition Chapter.
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education. All rights reserved Picturing Distributions of Data LEARNING GOAL Be able to create and interpret basic.
When data is collected from a survey or designed experiment, they must be organized into a manageable form. Data that is not organized is referred to as.
Chap 2-1 A Course In Business Statistics, 4th © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Course in Business Statistics 4 th Edition Chapter 2 Graphs, Charts, and Tables.
Section 2.1 Organizing Qualitative Data. Definitions Frequency Distribution = lists each category of data and the number of times it occurs for each category.
Dr. Serhat Eren GRAPHICAL DISPLAYS OF DATA Graphical Displays for Qualitative Data There are two methods that you can use to display qualitative.
© Copyright McGraw-Hill CHAPTER 2 Frequency Distributions and Graphs.
Chapter 3: Organizing Data. Raw data is useless to us unless we can meaningfully organize and summarize it (descriptive statistics). Organization techniques.
Understanding Basic Statistics Fourth Edition By Brase and Brase Prepared by: Lynn Smith Gloucester County College Chapter Two Organizing Data.
Copyright © 2013, 2010 and 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter Organizing and Summarizing Data 2.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Active Learning Lecture Slides For use with Classroom Response Systems Introductory Statistics: Exploring the World through.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF BAR GRAPHS. Simple Bar Graph Properties: 1.Can have horizontal or vertical bars 2.Can have spacing between the bars 3.Bars must be.
Lesson Organizing Qualitative Data. Objectives Organize qualitative data in tables Construct bar graphs Construct pie charts.
Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 3 Section 1 – Slide 1 of 27 Chapter 3 Section 1 Measures of Central Tendency.
Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 2 – Slide 1 of 37 Chapter 2 Section 2 Organizing Quantitative Data.
SECTION 2.1 GRAPHICAL SUMMARIES FOR QUALITATIVE DATA.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 3.2 Picturing Distributions of Data LEARNING GOAL Be able to create and interpret basic bar graphs, dotplots,
2.3 Other Types of Graphs Instructor: Alaa saud Note: This PowerPoint is only a summary and your main source should be the book.
2.3 Other Types of Graphs Instructor: Alaa saud Note: This PowerPoint is only a summary and your main source should be the book.
Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Methods
Organizing Quantitative Data: The Popular Displays
Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Methods
Organizing Qualitative Data
Analyzing One-Variable Data
Graphs Graph Interpretation.
ANATOMY OF A BAR CHART: Simple Bar Chart
Chapter 2: Methods for Describing Data Sets
Frequency Distributions and Graphs
3.2 Picturing Distributions of Data
Unit 4 Statistical Analysis Data Representations
3 2 Chapter Organizing and Summarizing Data
Frequency Distributions and Graphs
Chapter Two Organizing and Summarizing Data
Frequency Distributions and Graphs
Organizing and Summarizing Data
Organizing Qualitative Data
Analyzing One-Variable Data
Organizing Qualitative Data
Key Questions When do you use different chart types?
Organizing, Displaying and Interpreting Data
Presentation transcript:

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 1 of 27 Chapter 2 Section 1 Organizing Qualitative Data

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 2 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Learning objectives  Organize qualitative data in tables  Construct bar graphs  Construct pie charts 1 2 3

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 3 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Learning objectives  Organize qualitative data in tables  Construct bar graphs  Construct pie charts 1 2 3

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 4 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Raw qualitative data comes as a list of values … each value is one out of a set of categories ●These values can be organized as either a long list or in a table ●Raw qualitative data comes as a list of values … each value is one out of a set of categories ●These values can be organized as either a long list or in a table ●Interpreting the list of data can be difficult, particularly if there is a lot of data ●Methods are needed to aid interpretation

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 5 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Qualitative data values can be organized by a frequency distribution ●A frequency distribution lists  Each of the categories  The frequency for each category

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 6 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●A simple data set is blue, blue, green, red, red, blue, red, blue ●A frequency table for this qualitative data is ●The most commonly occurring color is blue ColorFrequency Blue4 Green1 Red3

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 7 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●The frequencies are the counts of the observations ●The relative frequencies are the proportions (or percents) of the observations out of the total ●The frequencies are the counts of the observations ●The relative frequencies are the proportions (or percents) of the observations out of the total ●A relative frequency distribution lists  Each of the categories  The relative frequency for each category

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 8 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Use the same simple set of data blue, blue, green, red, red, green, blue, blue ●A relative frequency table is computed as follows  Sum of all frequencies = 8 (there are 8 observations)  Blue has a relative frequency of 4 / 8 =.500  Green has a relative frequency of 1 / 8 =.125  Red has a relative frequency of 3 / 8 =.375

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 9 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●A relative frequency table for this qualitative data is ●A relative frequency table can also be constructed with percents (50%, 12.5%, and 37.5% for the above table) ColorRelative Frequency Blue.500 Green.125 Red.375

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 10 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Tables are useful because they provide an exact count for the data ●However, if the data set is medium to large in size, it may be difficult to understand the data when presented in a table ●Additional techniques are needed to give a better idea of “the big picture”

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 11 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Learning objectives  Organize qualitative data in tables  Construct bar graphs  Construct pie charts 1 2 3

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 12 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●In general, pictures of data send a more powerful message than tables ●Visual methods, such as bar graphs, present a better summary than just a table ●In general, pictures of data send a more powerful message than tables ●Visual methods, such as bar graphs, present a better summary than just a table ●A bar graph  Lists the categories on the horizontal axis  Draws rectangles above each category where the heights are equal to the category’s frequency or relative frequency

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 13 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Bar graphs for our simple data (using Excel)  Frequency bar graph  Relative frequency bar graph

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 14 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Good practices in constructing bar graphs ●The horizontal scale  The categories should be spaced equally apart  The rectangles should have the same widths ●Good practices in constructing bar graphs ●The horizontal scale  The categories should be spaced equally apart  The rectangles should have the same widths ●The vertical scale  Should begin with 0  Should be incremented in reasonable steps  Should go somewhat, but not significantly, beyond the largest frequency or relative frequency

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 15 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●A Pareto chart is a particular type of bar graph ●A Pareto differs from a bar chart only in that the categories are arranged in order  The category with the highest frequency is placed first (on the extreme left)  The second highest category is placed second  Etc. ●A Pareto chart is a particular type of bar graph ●A Pareto differs from a bar chart only in that the categories are arranged in order  The category with the highest frequency is placed first (on the extreme left)  The second highest category is placed second  Etc. ●Pareto charts are often used when there are many categories but only the top few are of interest

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 16 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●A Pareto chart for our simple data (using Excel)

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 17 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●An example with more data values ●A data set from the text ●Even with only 30 data values, this table cannot be interpreted easily

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 18 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Graphs for this set of data  A frequency bar graph  A relative frequency bar graph ●These graphs are more effective than the table

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 19 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Graphs for this data (continued)  A Pareto chart

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 20 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Two qualitative variables can be compared by comparing their bar graphs ●A side-by-side bar graph draws two rectangles for each category, one for each variable ●The frequencies (or relative frequencies) for each category can be compared

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 21 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●An example side-by-side bar graph comparing educational attainment in 1990 versus 2003

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 22 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Learning objectives  Organize qualitative data in tables  Construct bar graphs  Construct pie charts 1 2 3

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 23 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●A pie chart is a circle divided into sections, one for each category ●The area (angle) of each sector is proportional to the frequency of that category ●Pie charts are useful to show the relative proportions of each category, compared to the whole

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 24 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Good practices for constructing pie charts  Different colors should be used to distinguish the categories  Each category should be labeled with the category name and relative frequency ●Good practices for constructing pie charts  Different colors should be used to distinguish the categories  Each category should be labeled with the category name and relative frequency ●Pie charts are not as effective if there are too many categories or if some relative frequencies are too small

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 25 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●An example of a pie chart for the 2003 data from the side-to-side bar chart

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 26 of 27 Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Side-by-side pie charts are used sometimes, but can be difficult to interpret (using Excel, with substantial modifications)

Sullivan – Fundamentals of Statistics – 2 nd Edition – Chapter 2 Section 1 – Slide 27 of 27 Summary: Chapter 2 – Section 1 ●Qualitative data can be organized in several ways  Tables are useful for listing the data, its frequencies, and its relative frequencies  Charts such as bar graphs, Pareto charts, and pie charts are useful visual methods for organizing data  Side-by-side bar graphs are useful for comparing two sets of qualitative data