Nur 102 Fundamentals of Nursing

World Health Organization definition of Health: l a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being- not merely absence of disease.-the fundamental right of every human being

Definition of health: l Health is a dynamic state that exists when the individual’s needs are satisfied and homeostasis is achieved. A state of health implies that individuals are effectively adapting to stimuli which influence the satisfaction of needs.

High Level Wellness l Functioning at your maximum potential

Definition of Illness: l a deviation from the normal, healthy state l Illness: a state which results when an individual is not effectively adapting to stimuli and cannot satisfy needs or achieve homeostasis

Health-Illness Continuum l On a continuum, health and illness may be viewed as phases of coping ability

Factors that Cause Illness l Predisposing factors-genetics l Contributing factors-conditions are favorable for disease l Precipitating factors-condition that activates disease rapidly

Stages of Coping with Disease l Denial-fear, anxiety, irritability l Acceptance-wants care done quickly and efficiently l Recovery-calm and cooperative

Illness impacts individual’s behavior, emotions,body image,self concept,family roles and family dynamics

Emotional Response to Illness l Fear l Anxiety l fatigue, insomnia l anger, hostility l self-pity l overdependence l helplessness

Nursing Strategies to Promote Adaptation to Illness l Allow patients to speak freely without being judgmental. l Encourage self-help groups l Promote self-esteem. l Provide resources to cope with illness

Promoting Wellness/Health l Primary Prevention-Examples: Immunizations,physical and nutritional fitness l Secondary Prevention-Examples: health screening of at risk populations (Smoking prevention for school age children,PSA for males>50) l Tertiary Prevention-Education for those with disease or disability (Example: Diabetic teaching concerning foot care)

Basic needs of Man Basic needs of Man l Physiological l safety l Belongingness l Self-esteem l Self-actualization l ABRAHAM MASLOW

Homeostasis l An attempt by the body to maintain a state of constancy in the internal environment

Need l That which is useful, desirable and necessary to maintain health l Lower needs must be met before an individual can focus on higher needs

Physiological Need l Oxygen l Nutrition l Elimination l Activity

Safety l Freedom from danger l mechanical l thermal l bacterial l chemical l pain

Belongingness l Affection l Love l Companionship l Relationships with family and society

Self-Esteem l Self awareness l Body Image l Self concept

Self Actualization l Personal growth l maturity l awareness of potential l learning

Historical Development of Nursing l Midwifery in Ancient Times l Religious Calling l Lower class avoiding jail terms l Modern Nursing/Florence Nightingale l “Put them in the best condition for nature to act.” l “the Lady with the Lamp”

Famous American Nurses l Clara Barton/Red Cross l Dorthea Dix/first psychiatric nurse l Lilian Wald/first community health nurse l Mary Mahoney/first African -American nurse graduate l Adelaide Nuttig/first college educated professor