June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Overview of ALBA D. Einfeld Vacuum Workshop Barcelona, 12 th -13 th September 2005 General 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Table of contents 1.) General information’s 2.) Lattice of ALBA 3.) Special components of the storage ring 4.) Booster synchrotron 5.) Beam lines and insertion devices General 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Machine functions of LLS (1997): TBA-Lattice Parameters: E =2.5 GeV C = 252 m N = 12 fold  = 10 degr.  x = 8.6 nmrad l = 8.0  x = 13.7  y = 5.33  x= 344  m  y= 21.5  m Horiz. Beta- function Vert. Beta- function Horiz. Disp.- function General 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division General 10 th September 2005 Comments:  The budget for the project is fixed (170 Mill EURO).  The LLS-design is pretty much as the ALS-design.  Investigation of a new lattice to reduce the emittance.  “Mini-beta section” should be introduced.  Number of straight sections should be increased. ► A redesign of the machine has to be done

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division General 10 th September ) The budget is fixed according to the design of LLS (177.9 Mill. EURO) 2.) With the available budget also the circumference is fixed (<270m). 2.) The energy should be 3 GeV in order to reach with „in-vacuum“ undulators photon energies of 15 to 20 KeV. 2.) The emittance has to be in the range of modern synchrotron light sources (smaller as 5 nmrad) 3.) The machine should be optimised for a high flux density ( introduction of mini beta sections in the straights) 4.) The lifetime should be large (►topping up has to be used) 5.) All injection elements should be in one straight ( ► length ≈ 8 m ) 6.) The booster should be in the same tunnel as the storage ring (SLS-model)

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division ALBA has to be competitive with Soleil and Diamond. What are the specifications of the „new“ 3 rd generation synchrotron light sources (Swiss Light Source, Diamond, Soleil, CLS, and ASP)?: 1.) They have different lengths of straight sections 2.) They have in all straights a “mini beta section” 3.) The emittance is ≈ 2.5 to 5 nmrad 4.) The horizontal cross sections are ≈ 100 – 150  m 5.) The vertical cross sections are ≈ 7 to 10  m 6.) CLS, SPEAR III, ASP and MAX IV introduce the vertical focussing in the bending magnets. With a circumference of 270 m (for ALBA) and competing with machines with circumferences of 350 and 550 m (SOLEIL and Diamond) one has to build a very compact machine. Lattice 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division 100MeV Linac 3GeV Synchrotron 3GeV Storage Ring General Parameters E=3GeV I=400mA ε x =4.3nmrad C SR =268.8 m C B =249.6m 10 th September 2005 Experimental Area Exper. Area Exper. Area

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Service Area Free Area 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division 100 MeV LINAC at SLS General SLS-TUNNEL WITH BOOSTER AND STORAGE RING Storage Ring Booster Synchrotron 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division General 10 th September ) Lattice of ALBA

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Investigated lattices: -4 fold, 16 cell TBA:  x =1.8nmrad, 16 straights, but bad dynamic aperture (DA) and not so good lifetime. - 4 fold, 16 cell expanded DBA:  x  3.7nmrad, 24 straights, good DA and lifetime. -3 fold, 18 cell DBA:  x =2.7 nmrad, but smaller DA and lifetime, and larger cross section. -4fold, 16 cell DBA:  x  nmrad, 16 straights (without short straights), larger  x and chromaticities. → The Experimental Division selected the “ 4 fold, 16 cell expanded DBA-lattice ” 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Choices Compact Lattice: –Vertical focusing in the bending –Only quads doublets –Combined sextupole and correctors Distributed dispersion DBA-like structure. –16 Cells. 4-fold Symmetry –4×8 meters Long straight section –12×4.2 meters Medium straight section –8×2.6 meters Medium straight section Lattice 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Lattice 10 th September 2005 Matching Cell Unit Cell The machine functions in one quadrant of ALBA

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division SymbolValueUnit Energy E 3.0GeV Circumference C 268.8m Horizontal emittance ε 4.3nm-rad Energy Spread ΔE/E 1.05*10 -3 Hor.-Chromaticity ξ x Vert.-Chromaticity ξ y Moment.-Comp.-Factor α(1) 8.8*10 -4 Horizontal Tune Qx Vertical Tune Qy Harmonic Number h 448 Energy Loss per Turn MeV 1.03 Damping Timeτ x, τ y, τ s 4.1, 5.3, 3.1ms Main Parameters of ALBA Lattice 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Lattice 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division  x = 131  m  y = 7.4  m  ‘ x = 46.6  rad  ‘ y = 5.8  rad  ‘ r = >4  rad The matching cell of ALBA  x = 260  m  y = 15.7  m  ‘ x = 20.5  rad  ‘ y = 2.7  rad  ‘ r = >4  rad Lattice 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Arrangements of magnets within the Matching Cell Bending Quads Sext Sextupoles Sext Bending Quad Quads Arrangements of magnets within the Unit Cell Sext Magnets

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Lattice 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Lattice 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division ALBA has three straight sections: long, medium and short. How do we occupy these straights? Requirement of the users: Covering the wanted energy spectrum with high quality photons From the users point of view, the long and the medium straight are most attractive because of the length and the small cross section. These straight sections meet the requirements of the users very well. Requirements of the “machine”: Space for injection, cavities, diagnostics, feedback system, third harmonic cavity, etc For the injection a long straight is needed. The cavities, diagnostics, feedback system, third harmonic cavity, etc should be installed in the short straights in order to keep the medium ones free for the users According to the present decisions the users will have: 3 long ( 8 m), 12 medium (4.3 m) and 2 shorts (2.6 m) Lattice 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division General 10 th September ) Special components of the storage ring

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Magnets 10 th September 2005 Magnetic field:1.42 T Gradient: 5.8 T/m Bending angle:11.25 deg. Bending radius:7.047 m Gap:36 mm Current:520 A Field accuracy: <3*10 -3 Grad. accuracy: <2*10 -3 Bending magnet Field at pole tip:0.715 T Gradient:23.43 T/m Aperture:61 mm Current:190 A Field accuracy: <3*10 -3 Grad. accuracy: <2*10 -3 Length (mm): 200, , 530 Quadrupole magnets: Field at pole tip:0.450 T Diff. Gradient:700 T/m 2 Aperture:72 mm Current:200 A Field accuracy: <3*10 -3 Grad. accuracy: <2*10 -3 Length (mm): 150, 220 Sextupole Magnets Horizontal and vertical steering as well as skew quadrupole coils are present on each sextupole Type of magnetsStorage RingBooster Dipoles3240 Quadrupoles11260 Sextupoles12018 Correctors Pulsed magnets3+12+2

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division The Unit Cell Vacuum Bending Quad Sext Pump Pumps Pump Pumps Pump

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division 10 th September 2005 Girder

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Total Voltage3.6MV No Cells/IPC6 Type of cavitync Voltage / cell600kV R shunt 3.0MW Cavity power60kW Beam power/cav87kW IPC power147kW Amplifier Power160kW Total Power960kW Service Area 10 th September 2005

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division 3.Cavity Combiner 2 Input Ports (80 kW each one) 1 Output Port (150 kW) Insertion losses0.3 dB Frequency stability 200 kHz IOT 1 IOT 2 RF cavity 4.RF amplifiers (IOT) Inductive Output Tubes at 500 MHz Broadcasting standard 80 kW output power 3 MHz bandwidth at -1 dB 50  impedance Radio.-Freq.-System

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division CIDEM - Meeting DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM OF ALBA Diagnostics

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division General 10 th September ) Booster Synchrotron

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Parameters: E = 3.0 GeV C = m N = 4 fold  x = 9.0 nmrad  x = 11.1 m/rad  y = 2.2 m/rad The machine functions in one quadrant of ALBA booster synchrotron

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division General 10 th September 2005 The beam cross sections in one quadrant of ALBA booster synchrotron Parameters: E = 3.0 GeV C = m N = 4 fold  x = 9.0 nmrad σ x = 0.3 mm σ y = 0.05 mm

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division General 10 th September ) Beam lines and insertion devices

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division  High-resolution powder diffraction and microfocus (In-Vac-Und., Wi. Or SC-Wi)  Macromolecular crystallography (In-Vac-Und., U21)  Non-crystalline diffraction in Life and Materials Sciences with Modular Microfocus Option (In-Vac-Und., U21)  High brilliance XAS (X-ray absorption Spectroscopy) (In-Vac-Und., Wi. Or SC-Wi)  POLUX: A soft X-ray beam-line for polarisation-dependant spectroscopies and microscopies. (Apple II)  EXES: A beam-line for electron and soft X-ray emission spectroscopies (Apple II)  X-ray microscopy (Bending) Phase I beam lines

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Bending- Diagnostics Wiggler - EXAFS Bending - Microscopy U21 – Macromolecular Cristalography U21 – Non Cristaline Diffraction Bending – Test SC wiggler Powder diffraction EPU63 Photoemission spectroscopies EPU63 Polarization dependent spectroscopies

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division 4.― In-vacuum devices Insertion Devices

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division Thank you very much General

June 14th 2005 Accelerator Division General 10 th September 2005