Cell Structure Notes Mr. Peterson, Science

Common cells structures Outer covering called Cell Membrane and internal gel-like material cytoplasm. Comparing cells – size and shape relate to Function. Two Cell Types: –Prokaryotic: cells lack nucleus (i.e. bacteria) –Eukaryotic: cells have a nucleus

Cell Organization Composed of cellulose, a cell wall grows, give shape, and protects the cells of plants. Cell membrane – protective layer around all cells. –For cells with cell walls – cell membrane is inside the cell wall –A cell membrane allows food and oxygen into the cell and waste out of the cell (semi- permeable)

Cell Organization Cytoplasm: Gelatin-like substance inside the cell. –Cytoskeleton: scaffolding-like structure in the cytoplasm which helps cell keep its shape. –In the cytoplasm, eukaryotic cells have organelles which help with cell life process. Nucleus: Contains instructions for all the cells does, includes DNA.

Cell Organization Energy-Processing Organelles: help cells to do their work. –Green organelles in plant cells contain chloroplasts to make food (photosynthesis) –Organelles which release energy (ATP) from food are called mitochondria (respiration)

Cell Organization Manufacturing organelles –Ribosomes make proteins for cells activities. –Some ribosomes attached to the rough part of the endoplasmic reticulum, a series of smooth/rough membranes that move material around the cell.

Cell Organization Transporting and storing organelles –Golgi bodies move substances out of a cell or to other parts of a cell. –Vacuoles: membrane-bound temporary storage spaces. Recycling organelles –Lysosomes break down food molecules and cell waste.

Cell Organization From cells to organisms –Tissue: Group of similar cells working together on one job. –Different types of tissue working together = organ –A group of organs working together = system –Several systems = Organism Cells Structure Brain Pop Cells Structure Brain Pop