An aerial view of the area around the Abruzzo capital L'aquila. REUTERS/Livio Anticoli/Pool Magnitude 6.3 CENTRAL ITALY Monday, April 06, 2009 at 01:32:42.

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An aerial view of the area around the Abruzzo capital L'aquila. REUTERS/Livio Anticoli/Pool Magnitude 6.3 CENTRAL ITALY Monday, April 06, 2009 at 01:32:42 UTC More than 179 people died and 50,000 were left homeless when a 6.3 magnitude earthquake shook central Italy early Monday. The quake’s epicenter was in L'Aquila. The narrow streets of the historic center were filled with rubble, and parked cars were crushed under large blocks of debris. AP Photo/Alessandra Tarantino

Cathedral Dome in L'Aquila AP Photo/Pier Paolo Cito Before and After Photos Magnitude 6.3 CENTRAL ITALY Monday, April 06, 2009 at 01:32:42 UTC

The state archive in L'Aquila Photo: Alessandro Bianchi/Reuters Before and After Photos Magnitude 6.3 CENTRAL ITALY Monday, April 06, 2009 at 01:32:42 UTC

Normal Faulting Generalized extensional tectonics ANGELIER J. and COLLETTA B. (1983). - Tension fractures and extensional tectonics. Nature, 301, 5895, p This earthquake in Central Italy (~90 km or 55 miles NE of Rome) occurred as a result of normal faulting on a NW-SE oriented structure in the central Apennines, a mountain belt that runs through Italy. Magnitude 6.3 CENTRAL ITALY Monday, April 06, 2009 at 01:32:42 UTC

The Apennines Mountains o ~ 1,350 km long (the length of the Italian Peninsula) o Formed when the Eurasian and African plates collided o Initially formed as a fold and thrust belt striking NW-SE o Thrusting is no longer active in the Central Appennines o It is experiencing E-W extensional tectonics related to o opening of the Tyrrhenian basin o subducted slab retreat o Includes two active volcanoes (Etna and Vesuvius) Magnitude 6.3 CENTRAL ITALY Monday, April 06, 2009 at 01:32:42 UTC

Historical Seismicity Source: USGS European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre "Around half past 3 a.m. I distinctly felt the bed trembling and the whole house shaking, much like a tree when a strong wind is blowing, and a window opened, too. This happened two times in a short interval, the second time in a stronger and more persistent way: it was 3:34 a.m." Witness location : Latina (107 km / 66 miles from epicenter) Intensity – determined from instrument recordings Magnitude 6.3 CENTRAL ITALY Monday, April 06, 2009 at 01:32:42 UTC

Aftershocks following the Magnitude 6.3 event Multiple significant aftershocks occurred in the hours following the main earthquake. Source: European-Mediterranean Seismological Centre Aftershocks are common following a large earthquake and often hamper rescue efforts that are underway. Magnitude 6.3 CENTRAL ITALY Monday, April 06, 2009 at 01:32:42 UTC

Bangkok, Thailand Paulet High School Burton on Trent, UK Sakarya University Sakarya, Turkey Magnitude 6.3 CENTRAL ITALY Monday, April 06, 2009 at 01:32:42 UTC

Leek High Specialist Technology School Leek, UK Purdue University West Lafayette, IN Thomas Jefferson High School Cedar Rapids, IA Note the attenuation of energy by the time waves reach the US. Earthquake Seismometers Magnitude 6.3 CENTRAL ITALY Monday, April 06, 2009 at 01:32:42 UTC

Earthscope Transportable Array This earthquake plotted across the array. Using this type of display, scientists are able to interpret arrivals and evaluate the variability over short distances. More Information: Magnitude 6.3 CENTRAL ITALY Monday, April 06, 2009 at 01:32:42 UTC