Year of the Four Emperors Nero commits suicide in 68 AD 69 3 emperors take power…all three assassinated …one after the other The fourth emperor, Vespasian, survives and starts the Flavian Dynasty
Flavian Dynasty, AD Vespasian (69-79) builds the 70,000 seat Flavian Amphitheatre…the Coliseum of Rome Titus (79-81) Reigns during the destruction of Pompeii by Mount Vesuvius Domitian (81-96) Invaded and conquered Britain Got himself assassinated
The Five Good Emperors Nerva (96-98) Recognizes that there’s no system for picking successors Establishes system of adopting his successor The five good emperors are all capable administrators and leaders: Trajan (98-117) Hadrian ( ) Antoninus Pius ( ) Marcus Aurielius ( )
Unleash Chaos After the death of Commodus in 193, 5 emperors ruled in 193 The last one, Severus, starts a dynasty that lasts from From 235 to 284, twenty-five different men claimed to be emperor Average reign lasted 2 years Almost all of them got assassinated
Divide and Conquer By 286 it is clear that one man cannot rule the empire alone Diocletian divides the empire into an eastern and western half Ruled by an Augustus and a Caesar Constantine builds a new capital at Byzantium, and renames it Constantinople in 306 Several emperors try to reunite the two halves…all attempts fail
East and West in 395
Sack of Rome Rome is sacked by the Visigoths in 410 under Alaric Rome is sacked again in 455 by the Vandals The Vandals were so destructive that they gave us the words vandalism and vandalize The last Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, is deposed (kicked out) on September 4, 476
Why Rome Fell The empire became too big for one person to rule Violent transitions between emperors The Roman army became weak The Romans came to rely on Germanic tribes that were not as loyal The economy collapsed The currency was devalued and there was no budgetary control over the treasury