VCH Cumbria Meeting for volunteers, 14 Feb 2013 Getting to grips with Landownership.

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Presentation transcript:

VCH Cumbria Meeting for volunteers, 14 Feb 2013 Getting to grips with Landownership

Overlordship

Landownership within baronies

Inquisitions post mortem [IPMs]: Robert Clifford, 1314

IPM Robert Clifford (2)

IPM Margaret Dacre, 1362

IPM Peter Tillioll, 1246 Manor of Scaleby Demesne (233 acres arable land; 20 acres meadow; mill; capital messuage; pasture with vaccary) Bondagium (31 bovates of land, held by 20 bondi) Cottagers (6 cottagers holding 6 cottages & 14 acres land) Free tenants (including: Udard de Etardebi holds Etardeby by service of 16s annually)

Structure of a Manor Demesnes (often leased from 14 th cent) Tenant land Freehold Customary (enfranchised 17 th cent to 1925) Leasehold

Cumberland: demesnes

‘Customary tenantright’ ‘at the will of the lord subject to the customs of the manor’ ‘ancient yearly rent’ tantamount to freehold origins: probably originated in life leases granted for the life of lord or tenant fine (or ‘gressum’) - not only on change of tenant but also on a change of lord lords exploit fines to raise income

Landed estates, 17 th -20 th cents Processes Demesnes/leasehold – limited base in Cumbria Purchase of freehold/customary land Impact of Parliamentary enclosure of commons Motives: High farming Afforestation (private; Forestry Commission) Institutional control (Manchester Corp.; National Trust; Ministry of Defence)

1910 Valuation Office Records – ‘Lloyd George Domesday’ Provide a snapshot of landownership in early 20th century. Landholdings marked on Ordnance Survey 1:2500 plans, working copies of which are in Cumbria Archive Centres Key to landholding unit: ‘Domesday Books’ – again held by CAS Detailed ‘field books’, with very full details of each property in The National Archives, Kew, IR58.