E VOLUTION OF THE P REVALENCE OF C ARDIOVASCULAR D ISEASE AND R ISK F ACTORS IN F EMALES AbdulRahman Ismaiel 5 th Year Medical Student UMF Carol Davila University Bucharest Coordinator: Dr. Nagwa Ibrahim Marisiensis International Scientific Congress 7-11 May 2014

O UTLINE Introduction Objectives Materials & Methods Evolution of Cardiovascular Disease Evolution of Risk Factors Conclusion Recommendations

I NTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading global cause of death with more than 17.3 million deaths each year. The death rate is expected to increase reaching more than 23.6 million by 2030.

I NTRODUCTION Heart disease is the no. 1 killer of women followed by cancer, causing 1 in 3 deaths each year which is approximately one woman every minute! The number of CVD deaths for females has exceeded those for males since Although there is an overall reduction in the death rate due to CVD over the previous decades, the decline rate is slower in females than males.

M AJOR C AUSES OF D EATH FOR M ALES & F EMALES

O BJECTIVES To evaluate and compare the evolution of the prevalence and risk factors of CVD in women to recommend future management and prevention plans accordingly.

M ATERIALS & M ETHODS A search for statistical reports about prevalence and risk factors of CVD in women was done. This study was based on statistical reports of The American Heart Association (AHA) for years 2012 and 2014.

E VOLUTION OF CVD AHA statistical reports showed that the death rate of CVD in women declined from 419,730 in 2012 to 400,332 in 2014 with a 4.6% death rate reduction.

T YPES OF C ARDIOVASCULAR D ISEASE : Coronary Heart Disease Angina (Symptom) Stroke Heart Failure

C ORONARY H EART D ISEASE

The most common type of CVD in females is coronary heart disease (CHD) with a decreased prevalence of 7.5 million to 6.6 million with a decline rate of 12%. From these CHD, myocardial infarction (MI) and heart attack had the same prevalence rate of 3.1 million.

A NGINA

Prevalence rate of angina is 4.1 million in women.

S TROKE

Stroke prevalence in females declined from 4.2 million to 3.8 million with a decreased rate of 13.6%.

H EART F AILURE

The prevalence of heart failure (HF) in females decreased from 2.6 million to 2.4 million with a decrease rate of 7.69%.

R ISK F ACTORS Cardiovascular risk factors include: Hypertension Dyslipedemia Smoking Physical inactivity Diabetes

H YPERTENSION Death rates due to hypertension in females declined from 56.1% to 55.2% ( Decreased rate by 0.9%).

D YSLIPEDEMIA Prevalence rate of cholesterol over 200 mg/dL in females decreased from 46.3% to 43.9% (Decreased rate by 2.4%).

S MOKING Smoking rates in females decreased from 17.5% to 16.7% (Decreased rate by 0.8%).

P HYSICAL I NACTIVITY Inactivity rates increased from 16.4% to 17.7% (Increased rate by 1.3%).

D IABETES Diabetes rates in females increased from 10 million to 10.1 million ( Increased rate by 1%).

C ONCLUSIONS Reports revealed a decline in the death rates due to CVD in women mainly CHD, stroke and HF while MI and angina had the same prevalence rates. Risk factors like hypertension, smoking and dyslipedemia showed a decline in prevalence rates. On the contrary, physical inactivity and diabetes prevalence rates increased.

R ECOMMENDATIONS Results reveal that essential need for modification of management and prevention plans for CVD in women to reduce the prevalence and death rates are required. Development of programs to prevent and manage cardiovascular disease risk factors. Further studies should be made to discover a real cure for heart disease not only treating signs and symptoms as it is the case with most of the current medication.