General Histology Epithelium Blood. Fertilization: formation of zygote.

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Presentation transcript:

General Histology Epithelium Blood

Fertilization: formation of zygote

Cleavage: becoming multicellular

Gastrulation: fomation of 3 primary tissues – ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

Tissues of adult organism A tissue is defined as a group of similar cells with their extracellular products, specialized in common direction and set apart for the performance of a common function About 200 types of specialized cells in adult human body are arranged into 4 main tissues: Epithelium Blood and connective tissues Muscular tissues Nervous tissues Tissue formation is called Histogenesis Tissues are studied in General Histology course

Epithelium

Epithelium hallmarks Epithelium covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and constistutes glands, therefore it is subdivided into lining and glandular Epithelium creates a selective barrier between the external environment and the underlying connective tissue The cells predominate, they are closely apposed and adhere to one another by means of special junctions Their basal surface is attached to an underlying basement membrane Apical surface may contain nicrovilli and cilia

Classification of lining epithelia

Location of different types epithelium SIMPLE Lining of vascular system SQUAMOUS Lining of body cavities Bowman`s capsule Lining of lung alveoli SIMPLE Small ducts of exocrine CUBOIDAL glands Surface of ovary Kidney tudules

Location of different types epithelium SIMPLE Lining of small intestine COLUMNAR: and colon Stomach and gastric glands Lining of gallbladder PSEUDO- Lining of trahea and bronchi STRATIFIED Lining of ductus deferens Efferent ductules of epididymis

Location of different types epithelium STRATIFIED Epidermis SQAMOUS: Lining of oral cavity and esophagus Lining of vagina STRATIFIED Sweat glands, ducts CUBOIDAL: Lager ducts of exocrine glands Anorectal junction

Location of different types epithelium STRATIFIED Largest ducts of exocrine COLUMNAR: glands Anorectal junction TRANSITIONAL: Renal calyces Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra

Specialized surfaces of epitheliocytes Apical specializations: - microvilli and cilia Lateral specializations: - zonulae occludentes - zonulae adherentes - maculae adherentes - gap junctions Basal specializations: - hemidesmosomes - basal striations

Microvilli and terminal web

Structure of a cilium

Electron micrographs of cilia

Lateral specializations of epitheliocytes

Classification of glands

Multicellular exocrine glands classifiication

Modes of secretion: A – holocrine; B – merocrine; C - apocrine

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