Theme 3: Voices of the Revolution Story: James Forten

James Forten 309S Genre: Biography – Nonfiction account of James Forten’s life. Summary: James Forten, a free African American in Philadelphia, joins the United States’ fight for freedom on the high sea.

Background 310A This theme conveys the spirit of the American Revolution. You will read about a young African American man who fought during the war and became an abolitionist. Read 310-311

Vocabulary 311A Transparency 3-17 Practice book 174 abolitionists: people who believed that slavery should be against the law apprentice: someone who works for another person in order to learn a trade assisted: helped captives: prisoners

Vocabulary (cont)311A conflict: a struggle; a war dread: grim fear encouraged: gave support to someone’s efforts or plans enslavement: the state of being owned and controlled by another person

Vocabulary (cont)311A influential: having the power to affect events or sway opinions privateers: ships that are privately owned but are encouraged by the government to attack enemy ships during a war tacking: changing directions while sailing

Vocabulary Link Arms: weapons, especially ones that can be fired Authorize: to give approval or power to Seize: to take control of suddenly Surrender: to give up to another in response to demands or force Loot: to rob and take things of value

What are our Phonics/Decoding skills? Phonics/Decoding 311A What are our Phonics/Decoding skills? They are chunking, words we know, beginning and endings, affixes, syllables, try different vowel sounds, base words or root words

Phonics/Decoding (cont)311A The crew carried more ammunition aboard, more powder, and fresh provisions. Help me figure out this word. To figure out this word, I’ll look for word parts I know. I can try breaking the first two chunks in between the consonants. I see “am” and I know “mu,” I also know “ni” and I recognize “tion”. Put it all together.

Decoding decoding

Reading Strategy 311B Question James Forten served on a ship during the Revolution. As you read, think of questions to discuss with classmates about his experiences. Keep your questions in your mind as you read. Form new questions as they come across new information.

Comprehension Skill 311C K-W-L Chart K stands for what you know Transparency 3-18 K-W-L Chart K stands for what you know W stands for what you want to know L stands for what you learned

Comprehension Skills 333A Following Directions Read all the directions carefully. Use numbers or order words (first, next, finally) to figure out the correct sequence of steps. Gather any necessary materials. Follow each step in order, finishing each one before moving on to the next. If you come to a step you don’t understand, reread the directions, examine any diagrams or illustrations.

Information and Study Skills 333C Adjusting Reading Rate What do you read more slowly, an adventure novel or a chapter from your Social Studies book? Good readers change their speed at which they read to match the kind of selection they are reading. Read nonfiction more slowly than fiction. When looking for info, scan a nonfiction selection quickly.

Decoding Longer Words333E Prefix sur- It was soon clear that the Royal Louis had two choices: to surrender or to be sunk. sur in surrender means “over, above, or additional” The base word, render, means “gives or deliver.” surrender means to “give over” What are some other examples of sur- words? Surface, survive,

Decoding Longer Words (cont)333E Prefix sub- Finally the fear of the battle had subsided. The prefix sub- means “under, down, or beneath” The word part sided, is Latin meaning “settle” subsided means “settled down” What are some other sub- words? ex. submarine, subscribe, suburb

Decoding Longer Words (cont)333E Prefix sur- and sub- British warships surrounded the Royal Louis. Help me decode this word. I see the prefix sur, the ending ed. I recognize the word round. I put those together and it sounds correct. Pick the prefixes from these words: subcompact, surplus, surtax, submerge, surcharge PB 179

Prefixes affixes affixes sur- means above or over. sub- means under, down, or beneath. affixes Prefixes are word parts that are added to base words or word roots to create new words

Phonics 333F Final /l/ and /el/ Understanding the sounds al, el, and le stand for at the end of words can help you read many words that end this way. The letters le, al, el come at the end of many words. These two letters usually stand for the uhl or the el sound.

Phonics (cont) 333F Final /l/ and /el/ The heavy thread had to be waxed and handled with dexterity. I recognize the ed, base word hand, and the suffix le. When I put them together it sounds correct. The Jersey was once used as a hospital ship. Now prisoners were aboard recovered from battle. Men lay groaning on the ship’s lower level. Pick out the /el/ sounds.

Spelling 333G Final /l/ or /el/ What do these words have in common: jewel, sparkle, and legal. Correct, the /el/ sound. What about this word fossil? Correct, this is another way to spell the /el/ sound. Practice book 180

Adjectives A word that describes a noun or pronoun a, an, and the are articles an is used before a vowel Demonstrative adjectives tell which one: This, that, these and those This and that are use w/singular nouns Those and these are used for plural nouns

Vocabulary 333G Multiple-Meaning Words Angle 1. point of view 2. figure made by two lines at the same point Single 1. not married 2. one dollar bill Level Particular height 2. flat even surface Many words have more than one meaning. Practice book 181

Vocabulary Skills 333J Antonyms The roads were already filling with farmers bringing in produce to sell. Thomas Forten was able to buy his wife’s freedom. What two words have opposite meanings? Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. What are the antonyms of these: early, steady, difficult, heavy, and dangerous? Practice book 183

Grammar Skills Adjectives; Proper Adjectives An adjective describes a noun or a pronoun. It tells what kind or how many. A, an, and the are special adjectives called articles. Remember a is used with a word starting with a consonant and an with a word starting with a vowel. Demonstrative Adjectives tell which one. This, that, these, and those are demonstrative adjectives. This and these refer to nearby items That and those refer to items far away. This and that are used with singular nouns and these and those are used with plural nouns. 333K Trans 3-20 PB 184

Adjectives are words that describe nouns. Adjectives p.16 Adjectives p.35 Comparisons p.38 adjectives comparing Adjectives are words that describe nouns.

Grammar 333K Proper Adjectives Transparency 3-21 Rules A proper adjective is an adjective formed from a proper noun. Proper adjectives are always capitalized. Ex. French fries, Mexican food, Italian sub. Practice book 185

Grammar 333L Improving Your Writing Expanding Sentences with Adjectives Good writers look for places in sentences to add adjectives that help readers see clearly what is being described. The sailor looped a rope around the post. Improved: The British sailor looped a heavy rope around the short, thick post. Practice book 186

Capitalizing Names of People and Places 333N Transparency 3-23 Practice book 188 Biographies contain many proper names, or both people and places. All proper nouns begin with a capital letter. Good writers proofread their writing to make sure they have capitalized proper names correctly.

Proper Nouns Proper Nouns Always capitalize proper nouns Is this kelsey and ryann, or is this Kelsey and Ryann?

Structural Analysis 333R Base words and word roots A base word is a word that can stand alone or to which endings and other word parts such as prefixes and suffixes can be added. A word root provides clues to the meaning of a word but is not a word by itself. Root rupt means “to break” ex. rupture Root struct means “to build” ex. structure Root spect means “to look” ex. spectacle Root opt means “eye” ex. optical

Base words and Roots root words Base words are words that can stand on their Own. root words Roots are words that cannot stand on their own, they are word parts.

Challenge Words mineral influential vital neutral kernel

Spelling Test 1. jewel 2. sparkle 3. angle 4. shovel 5. single 6. normal 7. angel 8. legal 9. whistle 10. fossil 11. puzzle 12. bushel 13. mortal 14. gentle 15. level 16. label 17. pedal 18. ankle 19. needle 20. devil

Study Guide Question Following directions Prefixes sub- and sur- Final /l/ and /el/ sounds Multiple meaning words Antonyms Adjectives Proper nouns Base words and root words