The American Revolution

Vocabulary Sec 1 Warm Up 10-3 Define the following in your notes, use page 193 to help you! Mercenary- Strategy- Rendezvous-

The American Revolution 20-30% were Loyalist 40-45% were Patriots Rest remained Neutral What does it mean to remain neutral? Many loyalist worked for the British Gov’t and were Clergy for the Church of England. Native Americans would be split African Americans some would fight for British (5,000), some for America.

Washington Creating an Army George Washington- Commander of the Continental Army Problems in creating an army: Congress asked men to enlist for only one year Men went home Number never exceeded 17,000 Congress inability to supply the troops

Trouble supplying the troops Washington becomes frustrated: “Could I have foreseen what I have, and am likely to experience, no consideration upon earth should have induced (persuaded) me to accept this command.”

British Mercenaries Washington drove British from Boston Fought in New York for several months against Hessians Why did Washington want to take New York? Navy couldn’t deploy troops British troops drove Washington back through New Jersey to Pennsylvania December 25, 1776 Rowed across the Delaware to Trenton Why December 25th?

British strategy Cut off New England from the rest of the country. Seize the Hudson River Valley Burgoyne, Howe, and St. Leger were to rendezvous at Albany, N.Y. Howe and St. Leger left Burgoyne high and dry!

European Support France and Spain would help in the War effort. Secretly Until the Americans won at the Battle of Saratoga! Help send supplies and troops Now publicly supported the Americans France wanted revenge on the British Spain wanted to expand their empire!

Britain moves the War South Wanted to gain the support of the Loyalist in the South South had more British Loyalist More slaves Britain guaranteed freedom. Two major port Cities Savannah, Georgia Charles Town, South Carolina (Charleston)

Francis Marion The “Swamp Fox” Knew the swamps of South Carolina better than anyone else Helped Gates navigate Led Guerrilla attacks

Warm Up 10-9 Use your book to define the following key words: Ally Bayonet Desert Privateer

Battle of Saratoga/Benedict Arnold Gen. Haratio Gates- General in the Continental Army. Gen. Benedict Arnold- Continental Army leader who led daring attacks at the Battle of Saratoga. He would be wounded during the battle Eventually he would become disgruntled Would later be known as the worst traitor in U.S. history.

War on the Frontier George Rogers Clark Led the war on the Frontier His victory protected America’s claim West of Appalachian Mountains

Help from Europe By winning the Battle of Saratoga, the Americans encouraged the French and Spanish to join their effort for Independence. This would force Britain to fight a number of enemies not only on land but at sea. Example: The British were afraid that the French would attack the British West Indies. So they had to send troops there.

Marquis de Lafayette 19 year old French nobleman He volunteered for Washington’s Army and quickly worked his way up and was put in command of a division. He won the respect of his men, thus becoming a great leader. Lafayette would use his own money to provide food, clothing, and shelter for his men. Washington would regard him almost as a son.

Valley Forge General Washington was forced to spend the winter of 1777-1778 at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania Many soldiers would desert from the army during this horrible time Soldiers had little clothes, food, and shoes. The snow would be covered in red due to those soldiers who did not have any shoes.

Valley Forge Cont’d Roughly ¼ of the soldiers would die from malnutrition, exposure to the cold, smallpox, and typhoid fever. Private citizens would bring supplies that would help the army make through the winter. To this day the name Valley Forge stands for great hardships endured by Americans.

War at Sea Much of the U.S. Navy was made up of Privateers. U.S. ships given permission by the U.S. government to attack British merchant ships. They were allowed to sell the contents of the opposing ship and make money.

John Paul Jones A famous officer who won one of the most famous sea battle in American history. Commander of the Bonhomme Richard He would ram the British ships The British Captain of the Serapis demanded that Jones give up. Jones replied, “I have not yet begun to fight.” Jones was able to overtake the Serapis and sail away.

Battle of Yorktown Chesapeake Bay France closed the water escape routes George Washington attacked over land Forced Lord Cornwallis to surrender This was the final battle of the American Revolution

Treaty of Paris Officially ended the Revolutionary War Most important condition of the treaty was that the U.S. was Independent Boundaries would be the Mississippi River to the West, Canada to the North, and Spanish Florida to the South

American Advantages Better leadership- British leaders were over confident. Washington learned from his mistakes and never giving up Foreign aid- France helped greatly Knowledge of the land- Americans knew the lands where the fighting was taking place. Motivation- Fighting for their lives and liberty.

Cost of the War Americans- British- 26,000 dead and 1,400 missing 8,200 with permanent disabilities Huge War debt that the U.S. needed to pay back $27 million British- 10,000 dead Loyalist lost their property Between 60,000 to 100,000 Loyalists left the U.S.

Republicanism Republicanism- instead of a King, the people would rule. Citizens elect a representative to represent them in government