Early Modern Europe Emerges The Islamic World, Discovery of the New World, and a Changing Europe

Timeline 1456: Gutenberg Bible (Invention of movable type) 1492 Columbus’ “Discovery” of the New World ca 1500 Renaissance 1517 Protestant Reformation 1607: Founding of Virginia (Jamestown Colony) : Founding of Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay

The Muslim World Mohammed born: 570 CE Islam spreads: 6 th Century onward “Civilization” shifts to the east Western Christendom confronts a large empire on its southern and eastern border.

Expansion of Islam

Islamic World, 900

Expansion of Islam, 1300

Ottoman Empire, 1566

European Timeline, Post Black Death 1456: Gutenberg Bible: Invention of Movable Type Discovery of the New World: 1492 Ca 1500: Renaissance Protestant Reformation: : Founding of Virginia (Jamestown Colony : Founding of Plymouth Colony and Massachusetts Bay

Timeline 17 th Century (1600s) The Golden Age of the Dutch Republic : English Revolution 17 th - 18 th Centuries ( s) Reign of the “Louis”: Louis XIV ( ) 1776: American Revolution 1789: French Revolution Late 18 th Century: Industrial Revolution in England

Protestant Reformation Martin Luther (and others) challenge the primacy of the Papacy and Catholic ideas... Splits the unity of Western Christendom Reorganizes the relationship between individual and God Reorganizes the relationship among church, state and family

Discovery and Colonization of the New World (and Trade with Far East) Expands the horizons of Europe and expands European civilization Brings new products to Europeans (sugar, coffee, tea, tobacco, corn, spices, china, silk, paper, gunpowder, pasta) Fosters the expansion of the trading economy and ‘urban’ society, particularly in the Netherlands and Britain

Expansion of Science, Reading and Knowledge Development of printing and book publishing Expansion of literacy and hence schooling Expansion of science and technology –Astronomy –Navigation

Rise of Democratic Society Invention of the idea of the rights of man and challenge to absolutist ideals Development of conceptions of liberty, equality, fraternity, freedom of speech, conscience, religion Countertrends: The reintroduction of slavery as a labor system

European Social Classes Nobility or Aristocracy Gentry (propertied, but not necessarily noble) Middle Classes, Bourgeois, Burghers (Urban Professionals) Tradesmen, artisans, small holders Poor

What is yet to come... The Industrial Revolution: first seen in Britain in the late 18th century –steam engine –railroads –new forms of communication, e.g., telegraph, telephone –factory system of production

Western European Marriage Pattern Late marriage (age) Neolocal Low fertility Long generations