Acquiring Immunity Long Term Protection

Individual Activity (means no talking) Read Acquiring Specific Immunity at top of p317 of Biology 2.

Why is Specific Immunity also called Acquired Immunity?? Specific immunity is Acquired Immunity (you only develop immunity following exposure. What is the difference between active and passive immunity? Active – antibodies are made in the body Passive – antibodies are produced in one person and transferred to another

Individual Activity (still means no talking) Read section Active Immunity on p

What is natural active immunity? Antibodies are produced in the body (naturally) following exposure to a pathogen. What is induced active immunity? Antibodies made after immunisation with toxoid or with killed or treated organisms (vaccines). REVISE IMMUNE RESPONSE - Label diagram and paste into your notes.

Purpose (what they do): Following exposure its specific ANTIGEN, the cell will reproduce to form: Maturation: (each cell as a specific ANTIBODY on its surface Cell Production Lymphocytes are produced in the BONE MARROW B CELLS mature in the bone marrow. PLASMA CELLS which produce antibodies Antibodies react with specific antigens. An antigen involved in such a response is no longer able to damage host cells. B MEMORY CELLS Provide long term immunity to the specific pathogen. React faster and more vigorously in subsequent exposures. T CELLS mature in the thymus HELPER T CELLS (Th Cells) Help B Cells recognize antigens (from engulfed pathogens) on Phagocytes. Needed for production of Plasma Cells CYTOTOXIC T CELLS (Tc Cells) Kill cells that have been infected with a virus. Identifies cell by its antigen (viral protein left on cell surface). T MEMORY CELLS Provide long term immunity to the specific pathogen. React faster and more vigorously in subsequent exposures Antibody Mediated Response Cell Mediated Response

Individual Activity (still means no talking) Read section Eradicating a Disease by Vaccination on p

Vaccination is the process of introducing the vaccine into the body where as Immunisation is the immune response to the vaccine that results in immunity. What is a vaccine? Vaccines (dead or live but weakened(attenuated) pathogens and synthetic antigens) are used to activate the immune system against that specific disease, without causing the disease. Vaccines have the same antigens as the infective pathogen. Vaccines are usually injected or ingested. Copy this graph into your notes. With reference to the Immune System and this graph, what is Immunisation?

Usually involves a series of injections to bring on lasting immunity. This is the immunisation program and involves: 1.A first vaccination, in which the vaccine in introduced into the body for the first time 2.A primary response, during which plasma cells slowly produce small amounts of antibodies, resulting in short term immunity. Some memory cells are produced. This takes about 10 days and the amount of antibodies quickly declines once infection has cleared 3.A second vaccination, in which a second vaccine (or booster) is introduced into the body. Existing memory cells respond. 4.A secondary response, during which plasma cells rapidly produce large amounts of antibodies much more quickly (approximately 3 days) and in much greater amounts. The level of antibodies in the secondary response remain much higher for longer than the primary response resulting in long term immunity.

What is a Toxoid? Some pathogens secrete toxins which can be treated with Toxoids in a similar way to vaccines. Give some examples of Vaccine preventable diseases. Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis (Whooping Cough), Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, Varicella Zoster (Chicken Pox), Poliomyelitis, Measles, Mumps, Rubella (German Measles), Influenza, there are many more

Individual Activity (still means no talking) Read section Passive Immunity and Rabbits as antibody making machines on p

What is natural passive immunity? Antibodies acquired by baby across placenta or in mother’s milk What is induced passive immunity? Antibodies acquired through injection of Immunoglobulins (antibodies) Copy and Label the following diagram

Acquired Immunity Natural Passive Immunity Acquired (Induced)

Acquired Immunity Active Immunity Natural Antibodies made after exposure to infection Induced Antibodies made after immunisation with toxoid or with killed or treated organisms Passive Immunity Natural Antibodies acquired by baby across placenta or in mother’s milk Induced Antibodies acquired through injection of Immunoglobulins (antibodies) Memory B and T cellsNo Memory Cells

Individual Activity (still means no talking) Read section Adverse Event Associated with Immunity on p

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