Conclusion Although 1 and 2 were not confirmed to be present in this extraction of M. obovata, there is evidence for the presence of a pyrroloquinoline ring system in NB Bactericidal properties were confirmed for NB1-6-7 against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and B. cereus in EtOH, and against E. coli and S. aureus in DMSO. TLC stains yield a single distinct spot, but a future study would involve purification via high performance liquid chromatography to ensure the activity is of only one metabolite. References (1) Arevalo et. al. Nat. Prod. Comm., 2011, 6:7, 957. (2) Gentry. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 1992, 79, 53. (3) Gentry and Cook. J. Ethnopharmacol., 1984, 11, 337. (4) Witherup et. al. JACS, 1995, 117, Discussion Comparison of the 1 H NMR spectra of NB1-6-7 and martinellic acid (2) indicated a strong resemblance. 4 Some signals were absent or shifted, thus further research would need to be conducted to determine whether NB1-6-7 is in fact 2 or a structurally similar compound. HPLC purification followed by LC-MS analysis may prove helpful in this regard. According to the bactericidal study, B. cereus was not susceptible to dilute EtOH carrier alone, but with NB1-6-7 showed inhibition at 0.5 mg/mL. S. aureus was not inhibited with dilute EtOH carrier alone, but with NB1-6-7 showed inhibition at 1 mg/mL. S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and E. coli were inhibited by concentrations of DMSO up to 49.75%, and continued to show inhibition with DMSO (24.875%) with 2.5 mg/mL of NB1-6-7 A consistent pattern of no disk inhibition for any bacteria with NB1-6-2 led to exclusion of that compound from further investigation. Acknowledgements Results IR for NB1-6-7 The IR spectrum showed the absorption of O-H ( cm -1 ), C-H sp 3 ( cm -1 ), C=O ( cm -1 ), C=C alkene ( cm -1 ) C=C aromatic ( and cm -1 ), C=N ( cm -1 ) and C-N ( cm -1 ) and C-O ( and cm -1 ). 1 H, 13 C APT, and H-C correlation NMR spectra (Figure 2) for NB1-6-7 The four 13 C signals at δ C correlated to four proton signals at δ H ppm; multiplicity not interpretable. The 13 C signals at δ C and correlated to the proton signals at δ H 6.5 and 6.4 ppm (d, q, respectively). The 13 C signals at δ C 61.3 and 69.3 correlated to proton signals at δ H 4.0 and 4.2 ppm (d, t, respectively). Bactericidal Study Disk diffusion antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that NB1-6-1, NB1-6- 6, and NB1-6-7 warranted further investigation. NB1-6-7 dissolved in 10.5% EtOH (1 mg/mL) inhibited S. aureus and B. cereus at 0.5 mg/mL (Table 1). NB1-6-7 dissolved in % DMSO inhibited E. coli and S. aureus at 2.5 mg/mL, however, % DMSO itself did not inhibit these strains. The DMSO carrier alone at 99.5% inhibited all bacteria growth. Isolation of Martinella obovata via flash column chromatography a,b Naomi Bryner, b David R. Singleton, PhD., a Kathleen M. Halligan, PhD. York College of Pennsylvania, a Department of Physical Sciences, b Department of Biological Sciences Introduction The genus Martinella has been known to produce the alkaloids martinelline (1) and martinellic acid (2). These metabolites have shown an affinity for the bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors, and have a unique pyrroloquinoline ring system, garnering much interest in the field of natural products synthesis. Martinella is a member of the Bignoniaceae family, known to have 104 genera and 860 species. The genus Martinella has only two species: M. obovata (Figure 1) and M. iquitosensis 1. According to the literature, pyrroloquinoline alkaloids have been successfully isolated from the root bark of M. iquitosensis and M. obovata has been used as eye medication by the Amazon Tribes of Peru. 1-4 The selected species for this research, M. obovata, is distributed throughout the rainforests of Central and South America. Overview The focus of this study was to isolate metabolites from M. obovata and determine in particular if alkaloids 1 and 2 were present. To this end, a simple solvent extraction was performed on M. obovata. Four distinct metabolites were isolated via flash column chromatography (FCC) and analyzed via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Disk diffusion antibiotic sensitivity testing was used to find susceptible bacterial strains and promising metabolites. This activity was quantified via minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) in the form of a microtiter assay. Metabolites were tested against a modest range of bacterial strains, including gram positive and gram negative strains, to gauge the bactericidal properties of each. Additional thanks for special funding support from York College of Pennsylvania: Student Senate, Department of Physical Sciences, and Chemistry Society; Gaussian, Inc.; Travel Grants from the American Chemical Society and the Southeastern PA Section of the ACS Chemistry Society Y CP Materials & Methods Plant Material Martinella obovata was collected from the Amazon region of Peru in 1975 by Albert Sneden of Virginia Commonwealth University. In August 2006, a portion of this collection was donated to us by Dr. John Beck at Sweet Briar College. Extraction/Separation The scraped bark (37.3 g) was milled briefly in CH 2 Cl 2 /MeOH (1:1) and extracted over 24 h at rt., resulting in 6.09 g residue after evaporation of solvent. The residue was subjected to silica gel flash CC (Hex/EtOAc). Structural Characterization IR spectra were obtained using a PerkinElmer Spectrum 100 FT-IR spectrometer. 1 H, 13 C APT, and H-C correlation spectra were obtained on a Bruker 300 MHz spectrometer. Bactericidal Study Metabolites (10 mg/mL) were dissolved in EtOH (95%) and DMSO (99.5%) and used to prepare sterile disks and wells Bacterial strains used included Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Microbial susceptibility to compound NB1-6-7 dissolved in either EtOH or DMSO was performed by preparing a 2-fold dilution series of stock compounds in sterile liquid media, and adding a constant amount of exponential phase bacteria. Inhibition of growth was assessed following incubation York College of Pennsylvania Chemistry Program ACS2014 York College of Pennsylvania Chemistry Program ACS Figure 1. The flower of Martinella obovata (left) compared to the experimental plant material, before (middle) and after stripping bark (right). Table 1. Concentrations of NB1-6-7 and solvent carrier (EtOH or DMSO) as placed on 96-well round bottom plates. All wells except foe column 12 received 50 μL of a bacterial strain, for a total of 100 μL liquid/well. Inhibition is indicated for E. coli α, P. aeruginosa β, B. cereus γ, and S. aureus Δ. Figure 2. C-H NMR spectrum showing seven roughly correlated C-H signals. Expanded is a highly resolved proton signal selection. NB1-6-7 in EtOH Different from carrier? NB1-6-7 in DMSO Different from carrier? E. coli> 1 mg/mLno2.5 mg/mLyes P. aeruginosa> 1 mg/mLno1.25 mg/mLno B. cereus0.5 mg/mLyes>10 mg/mLno S. aureus1 mg/mLyes2.5 mg/mLyes