Egyptian math

Evidence of some mathematical knowledge  3200 BC -Hieroglyphic script and counting on stones  2700 BC -The earliest fully developed base 10 numeration system.  2700 BC -Precision Surveying in Giza pyramids a remarkable feat of engineering  1800 BC -Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, formula for volume of frustum  1800 BC -Hieratic numerals drawn on papyrus  1650 BC -Rhind Mathematical Papyrus - geometry, algebraic equations and arithmetic series  1300 BC -Berlin Mathematical Papyrus - 2nd order algebraic equations  280 BC -Ptolemaic Period, Euclid excelled in plane geometry, His most popular work, Elements, is one of the most successful textbooks in the history of mathematics. Within it, the properties of geometrical objects are deduced from a small set of axioms, thereby founding the axiomatic method of mathematics  3200 BC -Hieroglyphic script and counting on stones  2700 BC -The earliest fully developed base 10 numeration system.  2700 BC -Precision Surveying in Giza pyramids a remarkable feat of engineering  1800 BC -Moscow Mathematical Papyrus, formula for volume of frustum  1800 BC -Hieratic numerals drawn on papyrus  1650 BC -Rhind Mathematical Papyrus - geometry, algebraic equations and arithmetic series  1300 BC -Berlin Mathematical Papyrus - 2nd order algebraic equations  280 BC -Ptolemaic Period, Euclid excelled in plane geometry, His most popular work, Elements, is one of the most successful textbooks in the history of mathematics. Within it, the properties of geometrical objects are deduced from a small set of axioms, thereby founding the axiomatic method of mathematics

Number System  Systems were not well suited for arithmetical calculations, addition of numerals was quite satisfactory, multiplication and division were nearly impossible.  Since trade required dealing with fractions, multiplication and division, Egyptians devised methods of multiplication and division which only involved addition.  Systems were not well suited for arithmetical calculations, addition of numerals was quite satisfactory, multiplication and division were nearly impossible.  Since trade required dealing with fractions, multiplication and division, Egyptians devised methods of multiplication and division which only involved addition.

Numeral Hieroglyphs  Developed in 3200 BC (Early Dynastic Period) and carved in stone  Symbols  For example 5120 is written as 5120  The higher number is written to the left of the lower number  Where there is more than one row of numbers reading starts at the top.  Developed in 3200 BC (Early Dynastic Period) and carved in stone  Symbols  For example 5120 is written as 5120  The higher number is written to the left of the lower number  Where there is more than one row of numbers reading starts at the top.

What each symbol means for numeral hieroglyphics  1 is shown by a single stroke.  10 is shown by a drawing of a hobble for cattle.  100 is represented by a coil of rope.  1,000 is a drawing of a lotus plant.  10,000 is represented by a finger.  100,000 by a tadpole or frog  1,000,000 is the figure of a god with arms raised above his head.  1 is shown by a single stroke.  10 is shown by a drawing of a hobble for cattle.  100 is represented by a coil of rope.  1,000 is a drawing of a lotus plant.  10,000 is represented by a finger.  100,000 by a tadpole or frog  1,000,000 is the figure of a god with arms raised above his head.

Hieratic Numerals  36 Symbols  No positional system  Numerals could be written in any order.  For example 5120 is written as  36 Symbols  No positional system  Numerals could be written in any order.  For example 5120 is written as or

Egyptian Fractions 1 / 21 / 32 / 31 / 41 / 5  The football shaped symbol stands for the reciprocal  So if 3 lines stands for 3 and you put the football symbol above it you get the reciprocal of 3 which is 1/3

The Egyptians used math for all of the following – measuring time – straight lines – the level of the Nile flooding –calculating areas of land –counting money –working out taxes and cooking The Egyptians use math to figure out how many days were in other year –They got their calendars to be the closest to the”true year” Uses OF Math

Operations Of Math  Egyptians knew of the basic operation of addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication  They only multiplied and divided by two  Egyptians knew of the basic operation of addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication  They only multiplied and divided by two

Multiplication  The Ancient Egyptian's used the method of Doubling to multiply  The Ancient Egyptian's used the method of Doubling to multiply

Example  puzzles/Seti-Puzzle.html puzzles/Seti-Puzzle.html  puzzles/Seti-Puzzle.html puzzles/Seti-Puzzle.html

Sources  Youtube.com  puzzles/Seti-Puzzle.html puzzles/Seti-Puzzle.html  atics atics   and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Egyptian_math ematics.html and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Egyptian_math ematics.html  Youtube.com  puzzles/Seti-Puzzle.html puzzles/Seti-Puzzle.html  atics atics   and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Egyptian_math ematics.html and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Egyptian_math ematics.html