University of Utah 1 ENIAC First fully-electronic, general-purpose programmable computer Built 1943-1946.

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Presentation transcript:

University of Utah 1 ENIAC First fully-electronic, general-purpose programmable computer Built

University of Utah 2 Background History Artillery gun "firing tables" Computed by hand "Computers" were people

University of Utah 3 Background History Herman Goldstine -Army lieutenant in charge of firing tables John Mauchly and Presper Eckert -Professors at U. of Pennsylvania -Idea for electronic calculating machines

University of Utah 4 Background History Army accepts proposal! -Why? Wartime desperation? Humiliation from atom bomb experience? New application of existing technology?

University of Utah 5 Background History Built it in-place on first floor of engineering building on U.Penn campus University assigns 12 people to project -no senior faculty

University of Utah 6 ENIAC Design Three main parts: -Math units -Memory units -“Master programmer” Wired together via cables

University of Utah 7 ENIAC Design Twenty "accumulators" -Base 10, not base 2 -Each could hold a 10-digit signed number -Each digit had its own circuit

University of Utah 8 ENIAC Design Counters -Vacuum tubes, not electromechanical relays -10 flip-flops per digit each flip-flop consists of 2 vacuum tubes -Converted electronic "pulses" to numbers -"Carry pulse" if sum > 9

University of Utah 9 ENIAC Design Speed additions per second -Multiplication: 2.6 milleseconds -Square root: 25 milleseconds

University of Utah ENIAC Design Hackery -Multiplication = lots of additions "Multiplication table" had hard-coded answers to many multiplications -Division & square roots = lots of subtractions and additions -Constants: entered via "function tables" or punched cards

University of Utah ENIAC Design Output -Punched cards -Neon lightbulbs

University of Utah ENIAC Design Physical dimensions -40 "panels" -each panel 8.5 feet tall (2.6 m) -17,468 vacuum tubes -30 tons

University of Utah ENIAC Design Quality standards -Used best vacuum tubes available < 10% recommended voltage Always powered on Broken tubes once every 2 days -"Least appetizing" wires -Custom-designed knobs

University of Utah Pictures

University of Utah Pictures

University of Utah Pictures

University of Utah Pictures

University of Utah Programming No "programming" in the modern sense of the word. Manually set dials and plug in cables

University of Utah Programming Time to program -Month to prepare a program -2 days to set up a program -1 week to debug “Usability” was an afterthought!

University of Utah Timeline Finally finished in (World War II was already over!) -Dismantled and sent to Aberdeen Proving Ground (Maryland) Used for hydrogen bomb calculations Retired in 1955

University of Utah Demo

University of Utah Other Early Computers Konrad Zuse -Another early pioneer -Z1 (mechanical) -Z3 (electromechanical) -Z4 (electronic)

University of Utah Other Early Computers Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) All-electronic -Not general-purpose Designed to solve linear equations

University of Utah Patent Problems ENIAC patent 1964 Honeywell vs Sperry-Rand (1973) -invalidated patent -ABC declared first computer -computers are public domain

University of Utah Please note... Today is last of "pre-history" Wednesday we start with the textbook

University of Utah “Test Question” On a scrap of paper, write a question that encapsulates one of the points from today's class, and turn it in. (Put your name on it!)