Operations Management Pertemuan ke 5 - Manajemen Bisnis & Kewirausahaan By Heru Priyanto, ST, MBA

Business Model Canvas Operation Aspect Marketing Aspect HR Aspect Financial Aspect

What is Operations Management? OM is defined as the design, operation and improvement of the systems that create and deliver the firms primary products and services

Input-Output Transformation Examples System Primary Input Resources Transformation Process Output Hospital Patients MD, Nurses, Equipment Health caring Healthy Individual Restaurant Hungry Customers Food, Chef, Waitress Well prepared & served food Satisfied Customers College/University High School Graduates Teachers, Classrooms, Books, Broadband Connectivity Imparting knowledge & skill Educated Individuals Department Store Shoppers Displays, stock of goods, sales clerks Attract shopper, promote, filling orders Sales to satisfied customers Airline Travelers Airplane, crews, ticketing systems Moving to destination On time, satisfied travelers

What about Telecommunication Operators? System Primary Input Resources Transformation Process Output Telco Operators Orang yg butuh komunikasi jarak jauh Pegawai Jaringan BTS Server Switching Transmission Menghubungkan satu orang dgn yg lain agar bisa berkomunikasi dgn suara,text, gambar, video Orang yang terpenuhi /terpuaskan kebutuhan komunikasinya

Output: Is it a product or a service? Tangible Intangible Physical Appearance Factory No Specific Factory Production PRODUCTS SERVICES Production First, then Consumption Production & Consumption at the same time Consumption Indirect Direct Producer – Consumer Interaction

Process Analysis Process: any part of an organization that takes inputs and transforms them into outputs that, it is hoped, are greater of value to the organization than the original inputs

Process Flowcharting Flowchart symbols: : Task or Operation : Decision Points : Storage Area or Queue or Waiting line : Flow of material/ customers

Types of Process Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Multistage Process Stage 1 Buffer Multistage Process Stage 1 Stage 3 Multistage Process with Buffer Stage 3 Buffer Different Products produces Stage 3 Buffer Alternative Paths Stage 3 Buffer Stage 3

Process Performance Metrics Batch Size Time /Unit Setup Time Queue Time Run Time Operation Time Throughput Time Cycle Time Standards Velocity Throughput Rate Efficiency Productivity Inputs Time Available Utilization Time Activated Operation Time = Setup Time + Run Time Throughput Time = Average Time for a unit to move through the system Velocity = Throughput Time/Value Added Time Cycle Time = Average Time between completion of units Throughput Rate = 1 / Cycle Time Efficiency = Actual Output / Standard Output Productivity = Output / Input Utilization = Time Activated / Time Available

Product Design Process Marketing & Sales Product Development Manufacturing New Product Ideation Needs Marketing Research Technical Concept Promotion Product Specification Customer Market System Product Design Process Planning Production Calls Sales Production Order Orders Products

Designing for the Customers: Quality Function Deployment

Process Flow Structures Job Shop : small batches of a large number different of products. Mostly Custom Designed products Batch Shop : standardized job shop. Stable line of products. Assembly Line : discrete part moving from workstation to workstation at a controlled rate, following the sequence to build the product. Ex: toys Continuous Flow : like an assembly line, but in continuous form. Conversion undifferentiated materials such as petroleum, chemical

Total Quality Management Managing the entire organization so that it excels on all dimension of products and services that are important to customer What is Quality ?

Six Sigma & ISO Six Sigma Quality (from General Electric) ISO Methodology to eliminate defects in the products and processes Defect is any component that does not fall within the customer’s spec limits. (3 ) ISO ISO 9000 A series of standards agreed upon by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) . Adopted in 1987. ISO 14000 : to control the impact of an organization ‘s activities and outputs on the environment.

Analytical Tools Flowcharts Run Charts Pareto Charts Check sheets Cause & effect diagrams Control Charts Opportunity flow diagram

Forecasting Forecasting types: Qualitative Grass roots Market research Causal relationships Regression analysis Econometric models Input/output models Leading indicators Simulation Forecasting types: Qualitative Grass roots Market research Panel consensus Historical Analogy Delphi Method Time series analysis Simple Moving Average Weighted moving Average Exponential smoothing Regression analysis Trend Projections

Inventory Control Inventory Definition: is the stock of any item or resources used in an organization Inventory System: is the set of policies and controls that monitor levels of inventory and determine what levels should be maintained, when stock should be replenished, how large orders should be. The basic purpose of inventory analysis is to specify: When items should be ordered How large the order should be

Inventory Control Why do we keep an inventory? Inventory Cost To maintain independence operation To meet variation in product demand To allow flexibility in production scheduling To provide a safeguard for variation in raw material delivery time To take advantage of economic purchase order size Inventory Cost Holding Cost Setup Cost Ordering Cost Shortage Cost

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