3 Revolutions Industrial Communication Transportation

Industrial Began in England in 1700s Smuggled into America

Market Revolution Economic

Assembly Line Mass Production = jobs, cheaper items Shift from Artisans to workers on lines

Eli Whitney Interchangeable Parts changes gun making into a mass production in a factory

Interchangeable parts Impersonal, unskilled labor Complete one task Sell Nationwide or Abroad

Cotton Gin How did this change the economy?

Corporations develop Issue Stock= Raise Capital Limited Liability Economies of Scale

Industrialization begins in The Northeast By Water for power

Samuel Slater of Rhode Island Sneaks design of water frame out of England The machine spins cloth in 1789

Francis Lowell 1814 Opens mills in Massachusetts Mass production of cotton cloth 1000’s of workers Women and children

Lowell Mills : Massac. Low wages Low skills New Opportunities

Advertising Tony the Tiger

Farming Changes too Reaper Harvester: plows Buy some household needs now

Urban Development Immigrants

Cities Grow 1820 only 2 cities are more than 100,000 By 1860, 8 are there

Cities 1820 population N.Y. = 123,705813,669 Phil. = 63,802565,529 Brooklyn = 7, ,661 Baltimore = 62,738212,418 Boston = 43,298177,840 New Orleans = 27,176168,675

The Spirit of Reform Jacksonian America

II. CommunicationRevolution Samuel Morse = Telegraph Morse Code

Journalist use it to share news Associated Press = 1848 when they pool resources to collect and report news 50,000 nukes if telegraph wire connected the country

Read all about it!

III. Transportation Revolution Faster, Cheaper

Canals: Erie Canal connects the Hudson River Valley to NYC

New York becomes a Major port

City population explodes

Canals are expensive but Profitable

Speed increases 1815 Cincinnati to NYC = 50 days 1850 steamboat= 28 days 1850 canal = 18 days 1850 railroad = 6 – 8 days

Weather Dependent Ice, drought ………….. Stuck

None in the South Rivers are important here

Steamboats Can travel up and down Mississippi River Cheap to build Robert Fulton

Can carry large loads Cotton

Life expectancy is 5 years Explosions

National Road Expensive Difficult to Built Hard to Maintain

Railroads are cheap, fast Carry alot

Is not weather dependent I think I can……

First Corporations Money becomes important North and North West link South links to England

Major Change in America Travel Move Economics

Andrew Jackson

The Hermitage

Old Hickory King Andrew?

A new era in politics Elimination of property ownership to vote More urban voters, without property They like Andy Jackson

Brilliant Lawyer - Dueler Bigamist 1 st President to ride train

Spoils System C. is the practice of appointing people to govt. jobs because of loyalty to the party or candidate.

Actions D. = Caucus System congressional party members would choose the nominee E. Jackson Supporters replace this with National Nominating Convention.

From which group did Andrew Jackson gather most of his support?

The common folks Democrats

The Nullification Crisis States can override the authority of the Federal Government

A. Tariff of Abominations S.C. threatens to secede, withdraw from the nation John. C. Calhoun, V.P. proposed nullification. Since the states had created the nation, they had the right to declare a federal law null = not valid

Famous Debate Webster vs. Hayne

Force Bill authorizing the president to use the military to enforce acts of Congress

Policy toward Native Americans

Indian Policy A. Indian Removal Act B. Worcester vs. Georgia – ruled for the Cherokee – Jackson refused to support this decision C. Trail of Tears

Trail of Tears Indian Removal Act of 1830, which mandated the removal of all American Indian tribes east of the Mississippi River to lands in the West.

16,000 men, women, and children made the sorrowful journey

Trail of Tears

Oklahoma- 1000’s Die

Jackson battles the Bank!! 2 nd BUS Vetoed a bill to extend the charter & removes Govt. $$

Veto Power Dissolve Cabinets Dissolved BUS Trial Of Tears

King Andrew Powerful Dominating Veto Power Used

The Whig party ran, for some years, mostly in strong second place to the Democrats. They elected William Henry Harrison, in the famous "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too" campaign of nonsense

A New Party Emerges Whigs Expand National Govt. & Commercial Growth

The Little Magician Wins Martin Van Buren

Panic of 1837 Economic Issues from “Pet Banks”

William Henry Harrison He should have worn a hat!

Harrison talks and talks…… Inauguration is long, cold, wet. Harrison dies 32 days later Tyler succeeded Presidency

Tyler’s Surprise He sided with the Democrats against Whigs. Faced Foreign Affairs Established a firm boundary between the U.S. and Canada

What issue helped the Whig’s win the Presidency of 1840?

A New Wave of Immigrants Pages 273 – 275

Massive Influx of immigrants Religious & Political Reasons 2 million come from Ireland Famine Settled in the N.E. Unskilled Laborers

Germans= 2 nd largest group Midwest Started farms & Businesses German Newspapers & Schools

Nativism = Hostility toward Foreigners Know- Nothings = American Party = Secret Party “I know nothing”

How did many Americans react to the influx of immigrants? Well,,,,,,,,,

II. A Religious Revival Page 275 – 276

2 nd Great Awakening All people could attain grace by readmitting God into their lives. Charles Grandison Finney Young

Joseph Smith Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Day Saints, Mormons – Brigham

What religious Groups emerged during the 2 nd Great Awakening??

Unitarians, Shakers, Mormons, Univeralists

III. A Literary Renaissance Romanticism Transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau

American Writers James Fenimore Cooper Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville Edgar Allan Poe Emily Dickinson

Newspapers & Magazines Harper’s Weekly Transportation gets the news out faster

Utopian Societies Brook Farm Oneida Shakers

The Reform Spirit Pages

Reform = Change / Fix A. Dorothea Dix – Mentally Ill B. Temperance Penitentiaries

Horace Mann = Education Education for Women= Emma Willard, Mary Lyon

II. The Early Women’s Movement Pages 281 – 282

Advances Women’s Sphere Improve Society Equal Rights

Seneca Falls Convention by Lucretia Mott & Elizabeth Cady Stanton

July 1848 more than 300 men and women assembled in Seneca Falls, New York, for the nation's first women's rights convention.

A first step for Women’s Rights Elizabeth Cady Stanton: a “caged lioness”

I. Opposition to Slavery Pages

Opposition A. Gradualism B. American Colonization Society Colonization is unrealistic

II. The New abolitionists William Lloyd Garrison founded the Liberator, an antislavery newspaper that advocated emancipation, or the freeing of all enslaved people..

American Antislavery Society in 1833 He Founded it.

Others Fredrick Douglass Sojourner Truth

III. The Response to Abolitionism A. Many Northerners opposed extreme abolitionism. Feared a conflict between North & South Feared abolitionism would hurt the Southern economy, then their economy

Southern Views Slavery is a “necessary evil” A “Peculiar Institution” Essential to the economy Slaves treated better than freed blacks in the North

Nat Turner Led a slave revolt that killed more than 50 Virginians. Liberator is illegal in the South. Abolitionist petitions are shelved in Congress.

Why did S.C. threaten to secede in the early 1800’s?