On Oral Presentation Communicative and Interactive Tsong P. Perng （ 彭宗平） Yuan Ze University 2006/1/14

Your presentation should be educationally sound. Careful and complete preparation is well worth your effort.

From audience’s point of view Do they follow you? Are you successful?

If I were the audience, can I See clearly? Hear clearly? Understand clearly?

Talk to the audience Watch them Make eye contact

Understand your assignment Program’s scope and purpose Who are other speakers Who are the audience How to fit into the program

Go directly to your subject A two-minute introductory statement explaining the organization of your talk is helpful.

Use visual aids Both see and hear can be phenomenal Don’t use pages from a book or small type script Use the pointer properly

Delivery Plan carefully, do not read your talk Speak loudly and slowly for all to hear Budget your time Refer other helpful sources of information End with a bang -- not a yawn

Important DON’Ts Do not use profanity or tell off-color stories Never apologize --YOU are selected and the audience is there to hear you. Do not attack Do not read your talk

You cannot over-prepare Audiences are always appreciative of well- prepared and carefully presented lectures.

Guidelines for visual aids Use an outline format Limit the amount of information on each viewgraph Use a large print size Do not use all capital letters (too difficult to read) Test your viewgraph by walking to back of the room and reading them

Design the viewgraphs One message each page More explanation, less wording More symbols, fewer words Fewer, simpler equations Simpler caption for the figures Organized sequence

Case Study

Nanotechnology is concerned with materials and systems whose structures and components exhibit novel and significantly improved physical, chemical and biological properties, phenomena, and processes due to their nanoscale size. The goal is to exploit these properties by gaining control of structures and devices at atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels and to learn to efficiently manufacture and use these devices. Maintaining the stability of interfaces and the integration of these “nanostructures” at micronlength and macroscopic scales are all keys to success. NANOTECHNOLOGY 1

Nanotechnology is concerned with materials and systems whose structures and components exhibit novel and significantly improved physical, chemical and biological properties, phenomena, and processes due to their nanoscale size. NANOTECHNOLOGY

The goal is to exploit these properties by gaining control of structures and devices at atomic, molecular, and supramolecular levels and to learn to efficiently manufacture and use these devices. NANOTECHNOLOGY

Maintaining the stability of interfaces and the integration of these “nanostructures” at micronlength and macroscopic scales are all keys to success. NANOTECHNOLOGY

下一個對產業的巨大衝擊 將來自於 非常非常非常小尺寸技術的 操縱與掌控 ~ Nano Technology ~ “Nanotechnology’s contribution to the health and welfare of mankind will be no less than the aggregated contribution of micro-electronics, medical imaging, computer aided engineering and artificial polymers.” -- The Nobel laureate Richard Smalley -- “Nanotechnology will replace our entire manufacturing base with a new, radically more precise, radically less expensive, and radically more flexible way of making products.” -- Dr. Ralph Merkle, the Principal Fellow for Zyvex company -- “Just like the information revolution in the 70s of 20 th century, nanotechnology will become the core technology in the era of Information Technology” -- The Chief Scientist Armstrong for IBM -- NANOTECHNOLOGY

“ Nanotechnology’s contribution to the health and welfare of mankind will be no less than the aggregated contribution of micro-electronics, medical imaging, computer aided engineering and artificial polymers.” -- The Nobel laureate Richard Smalley -- NANOTECHNOLOGY

“Just like the information revolution in the 70s of 20 th century, nanotechnology will become the core technology in the era of Information Technology” -- The Chief Scientist Armstrong for IBM -- NANOTECHNOLOGY

下一個對產業的巨大衝擊 將來自於 非常非常非常小尺寸技術的 操縱與掌控 ~ Nano Technology ~ NANOTECHNOLOGY

奈米材料特性 ◆ 表面效應：奈米材料顆粒表面積相對增大，具有高表面能之不安定原子，極易與 外來原子吸附鍵結，因此奈米超微粒子是作為觸媒之最佳材料。 ◆ 熔點：奈米材料顆粒表面原子處於不安定狀態，使其表面晶格震動之振幅較大， 所以具有較高之表面能量，造成奈米材料顆粒熔點下降，比傳統粉末容易在較低 溫度燒結，為良好之燒結促進材料。 ◆ 磁性：常見之磁性物質均屬多磁區之集合體，當材料顆粒尺寸小至無法區分出其 磁區時，即形成單磁區之磁性物質，成為特殊磁性材料。 ◆ 光學性質：奈米材料顆粒粒徑遠小於光波波長，與入射光產生複雜之交互作用。 對金屬材料而言，可得易吸收光的黑色金屬超微粒子，與一般高反射率金屬膜形 成強烈對比。

奈米材料特性 ◆ 表面效應 ◆ 熔點 ◆ 磁性 ◆ 光學性質

美國 IBM 科學家利用 STM 探針移動原子，形成文字或圖形，可視為最尖端之記 憶機制，同時也可研究原子尺度之電子行為，圖中原子所形成的柵欄內，即 可觀察到電子的所產生的量子駐波。 ( 原 子 操 縱 術原 子 操 縱 術

( 原 子 操 縱 術原 子 操 縱 術

小 尖大

小大二奈

一奈米有多長 ? 十億分之一米

頭髮直徑 50μm = 5 萬 nm

指甲每秒鐘長 2 奈米 1 天 = 秒 5 天 = 秒 1x10 -3 m / s = 2x10 -9 m/s

一個原子有多大 ? 氫 0.09nm 碳 0.15nm 鐵 0.25nm 銅 0.25nm

Nanostructured Materials 0-D: nanoparticle, quantum dot 1-D: nanotube, nanowire 2-D: nanofilm 3-D: bulk, composite

Novel Properties Physical properties –Optical –Electronic –Magnetic –Thermal Chemical properties Mechanical properties Biological properties

Preparation Methods Physical method –Thermal evaporation –Sputtering Chemical method –Chemical precipitation –Chemical vapor deposition –Sol-gel Mechanical method - High-energy ball milling Biological method

Nano-scale Effects Quantum (size) effect Surface (interface) effect

囚人 木困

Nanocrystalline Materials Particle size (nm)Number of atomsAtoms on surface (%) G=H-TSdG=VdP-SdT+  dA size: nm large surface area and surface energy

(1)γ nano ≠γ bulk (2)γ ＝ f (radius, shape,…) (3)γ ＝ f (surface modification)

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