CHAPTER 5 HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 3 key areas 1-population 2-cultures 3-languages & religions

Human Geography  Terms: Demography Study of human populations Population Density # of people living per square mile (average) Population Distribution A study of where most people live Why are some areas more crowded than others?  Reasons---

4 Great Clusters of people  1-East Asia  2-South Asia  3-Europe  4-Eastern part of North America

3 factors that affect population  Birth rate  # of births per 1,000 per year  Death Rate  # of deaths/1000 per year  Migration Patterns Emigrants— Immigrants--

Push & Pull Factors for Migration  Push Factors  What forces people to leave?  Examples:  War  Famine  Drought, floods  Lack of jobs  discrimination  Pull Factors  What attracts people to different areas?  Examples:  Jobs  Food  Clean air/water  freedom

Natural Increases of Population  Don’t take migration into account  Just looks at birth & death rates  Highest increases—Africa & SW Asia  Why??  Lowest increases-US, Europe, Australia, Japan  Trends—more than 6 bill people on Earth  Population grows by 80 mil per year

3 stages of demographic transition --population change  1 st stage  High birth rates & high death rates  Population?  Reasons?  2 nd stage  High birth rates and lower death rates  Population?  Reasons

3 rd stage  Low birth rates & low death rates  Population?  Reasons?

Population Pyramids—graph of age of populations  Create a pyramid Create a pyramid

CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY  all the features of a people’s way of life  Examples:  Language, food, religion, clothing, art, architecture, values, technology  Cultural Traits  Activities & behaviors that people do  Examples—reading, eating, writing,

CULTURAL TRAITS OF US  RELIGION-  LANGUAGE-  EDUCATION-  ECONOMY-  HOUSING-  CLOTHING-  FOOD-  GOV’T-

How do cultures change?  Innovation  New ideas—need to be timesaving, useful & necessary  Examples:  Diffusion  Innovation gets accepted and is spread around from person to person, group to group

How does Diffusion Occur?  1-relocation  2-communication  3-hierarchal—fashion & music centers spread their new trends  What prevents diffusion? Immigration laws, mountains, deserts, lack of communication

Globalization vs. Traditionalism  Globalization—  Connections between countries increase  Examples:  Traditionalism—  Following long time practices; opposing modern technology; like separation of cultures & ethnic groups  Examples:  Fundamentalism  Belief in strict principles (religion)  Examples:

Language  Means of communicating ideas; pass skills & customs  3 types:

Religions  3 types  Animist  Polytheistic-many gods; traditional society  Ethnic  Focus on 1 group; doesn’t spread  Universalizing  Wants followers; monotheistic—1 god; use missionaries to spread religion to other places