2002 IMECE, New Orleans The History of Engineering Radiation Heat Transfer John R. Howell The University of Texas at Austin USA

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Radiation history begins much earlier than for other modes n Experiments and observations with light n Discovery of the IR, UV spectral regions n Quantifying the basic phenomena (energy vs. T, wavelength, transfer among surfaces) n Engineering applications of the physics

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Isaac Newton and the “corpuscular theory” Sir Isaac Newton ( )

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Huyghens disagrees with Newton, proposes light is made of waves Christiaan Huyghens ( )

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Lambert shows the variation of radiation with surface angle Johann Heinrich Lambert ( )

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Sir William Herschel ( ) discovers “invisible light”

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Herschel’s Experiment uncovers the infrared spectrum

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Nobili and Melloni provide the accurate tools Leopoldo Nobili ( ) Macedonio Melloni ( )

2002 IMECE, New Orleans John William Draper ( ) just misses the T 4 relation (1847)

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Kirchhoff describes the relations between surface properties Gustav Kirchhoff ( )

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Stefan and Boltzmann find the Fourth Power Law Josef Stefan Ludwig Boltzmann

2002 IMECE, New Orleans John Ericsson’s Hot Air Engine: after the Monitor John Ericsson

2002 IMECE, New Orleans James Clerk Maxwell solidifies EM Theory James Clerk Maxwell

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Lummer and Pringsheim measure the Blackbody Spectrum Lummer-type photometer Ernst Pringsheim Otto Lummer

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Lord Rayleigh, Sir James Jeans and Willy Wien try to derive the blackbody characteristics Rayleigh ( ) Jeans( ) Wien( )

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Max Planck ponders the Blackbody Spectral Distribution Max Planck

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Comparing classical approaches with the quantum result

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Hoyt Hottel initiates Engineering Radiation Heat Transfer Hoyt C. Hottel ( )

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Space-related Thermal Control drives research on radiation

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Advanced Propulsion Systems: Solid-Core Nuclear Rockets

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Advanced Propulsion Systems: Gas-Core Nuclear Rockets

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Continued Development of Solar Energy Applications

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Manufacturing processes: IR- Cure-Initiated Filament Winding T in

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Applications Driving Present Research n Advanced manufacturing methods semiconductor wafers, chips, circuit boards, laser- surface interactions semiconductor wafers, chips, circuit boards, laser- surface interactions n Micro- and nanoscale interactions n Thermal stresses in large-scale structures (space station) n Radiation in large fires and combustion systems n Radiative transfer effects at higher temperatures utility furnaces, jet engines utility furnaces, jet engines

2002 IMECE, New Orleans Applications Driving Present Research (Cont.) n Improved spectral full-field radiative diagnostic techniques n Continued improvement of analytical techniques and experimental and predictive sources for radiative transfer data anisotropic scattering anisotropic scattering spectral properties