René Descartes (1596-1650) Discourse on Method (1637) Cogito ergo sum (“I think, therefore I am.”) Cartesianism/Cartesian Dualism Two kinds of reality:

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Presentation transcript:

René Descartes ( ) Discourse on Method (1637) Cogito ergo sum (“I think, therefore I am.”) Cartesianism/Cartesian Dualism Two kinds of reality: “thinking substance” and “extended substance” Coordinate geometry

Science and the Church Catholic Church and Galileo. Reaction of Descartes Protestant vs. Catholic reactions

Science and European Governments Encouragement of rulers: technological and practical advantages 1662 Royal Society of London founded in England 1666 Royal Academy of Sciences founded in France Publication and dissemination

Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle ( ) 1945 Royal Society admits women 14 Jan 2005 Larry Summers questions scientific abilities of women Canadian Association of University Teachers

Sir Isaac Newton ( ) Principia: The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy (1687) Conflict with Cartesians over role of God

Theory of gravitation: attraction and repulsion between objects Other discoveries: about nervous system, colours Inventing calculus (at same time as Gottfried Leibniz ( ) 1660s Newton builds reflecting telescope James Gregory ( )

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