The Reconstruction Era Ruins seen from the capitol, Columbia, S.C., 1865. Photographed by George N. Barnard. 165-SC-53. http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-113.jpg

After the War South lay in ruins (destroyed) Nearly 4 million freedman (freed slaves) needed food, clothing, & jobs President Lincoln planned for Reconstruction, the rebuilding of the South Ruins seen from the Circular Church, Charleston, S.C., 1865. 111-B-4667. http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-112.jpg

Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan Reunite Union quickly Southern state could form a new government after 10 % of its voters swore loyalty to U.S. States also had to abolish slavery Many in Congress didn’t like Lincoln’s plan & wanted a stricter form of Reconstruction http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-188.jpg

Acts of Congress Freedman’s Bureau was created by Congress It gave food, clothing, & other kinds of help to the freedman. Thirteenth Amendment Passed by Congress in January, 1865 Ended slavery throughout the U.S.

Room of African American women sewing. Glimpses at the Freedmen - The Freedmen's Union Industrial School, Richmond, Va. / from a sketch by Jas E. Taylor (1866). Room of African American women sewing. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/aaodyssey:@field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3a33775))

Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 Andrew Johnson became President John Wilkes Booth http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-198.jpg http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-202.jpg

Reconstruction Plan of Andrew Johnson In each southern states, a majority of voters must swear loyalty to the U.S. Each state must approve the 13th Amendment Then each state could rejoin the Union Andrew Johnson, Vice President & President http://www.archives.gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-187.jpg

Response to Johnson’s Plan Southern States met Johnson’s demands Republicans in Congress outraged because African Americans were not allowed to vote & former Confederate Leaders were elected to Congress

Radical Reconstruction After the war, most southern states quickly ratified the 13th Amendment (ended slavery) Then passed Black Codes, which limited the rights of African Americans. Radical Republicans in Congress decide to take over Reconstruction They wanted to break the power of the southern planters and to make sure African Americans had the right to vote. Radical Reconstruction http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/sespics/34004.jpg

Radical Reconstruction (continued) 14th Amendment, 1868 – All people born in the U.S. are citizens. No state may take away rights of citizens. 15th Amendment, 1870 – The right to vote cannot be denied to citizens because of their race or color or because they were once enslaved. Reconstruction Act – Southern states had to ratify the 14th Amendment, African American men must be allowed to vote,… Johnson vetoed these acts & Congress overrode his veto; Congress eventually tried to impeach him

Changes in the South Southern Republicans (scalawags), whites from the North (carpetbaggers), & freed African Americans played important roles in southern governments. Ku Klux Klan (KKK) -- formed by white southerners to help them regain power & to keep African Americans and White Republicans out of office. Landless black and white sharecroppers became locked in a cycle of poverty. Sharecroppers: person who farms land owned by another in exchange for a share of the crops Link to Pictures: http://www.grant.k12.ca.us/schools/rljr/students/resistance_to_reconstructi.htm

Reconstruction Ends Reconstruction ended after presidential candidate Rutherford B. Hayes made a private deal with southern politicians. After Reconstruction, a new industrial economy began to emerge in the South. Southern whites pass new laws to deny African Americans equal rights. Poll Taxes, Literacy Tests, & Grandfather Clauses Segregation, Jim Crow Laws, Lynching Civil Rights Movement (100 years later)

Civil War Pictures from the National Archives http://www. archives Many Reconstruction http://cla.calpoly.edu/~lcall/204/outline.weekfour.html