Chemical Reactions and Enzymes

Parts of a Chemical reaction  Reactant: the elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction  Product: the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction CO 2 + H 2 O --> H 2 CO 3 Reactant Product

The Beginning Chemical reactions always involve changes in the chemical bonds that join atoms in compounds In order for a reaction to occur, there must be enough energy to get the reaction started… this is called Activation Energy

Types of Reactions (The End) Any reaction where more energy is given off than is used to start it is Exergonic An Endogonic reaction absorbs energy (takes in) and causes cooling

Enzymes are Proteins  A cell continues to live because of the chemical reactions that occur continuously.  At normal temperature these reactions occur too slowly.  Therefore, cells use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions. PRODUCTS

Characteristics of Enzymes  Enzymes are specific. The enzyme works due to an area (active site) on its surface that fits the shape of the substrate. Substrate Enzyme Active Site Enzyme – Substrate Complex

 Enzymes are reusable. During a chemical reaction substrate changes but enzyme stays intact.Therefore, same enzyme is used over and over again.

pH temperature.  Enzymes have optimum speed. Each enzyme works best at certain pH or temperature.Every increase or decrease of pH or temperature slows enzyme action down. pH Temperature

Enzyme Maltose Glucose Active Site Chemical Reaction with Help of an Enzyme