Chemical reactions-6.2 Identify the parts of a chemical reaction

Chemical v. Physical Is boiling water an example of a chemical reaction? Demonstrate chemical v. Physical change 3 pieces of paper: Identify the change? a)Burned corners b)Cut corners c)Hole in the middle

3-column Notes Chemical reaction, reactant, product, activation energy, catalyst, enzyme, substrate, active site term→ prediction → definition → example

Chemical reactions WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN A CHEMICAL BOND AND A CHEMICAL REACTIONS?

Chemical reactions allow living things to grow, develop, and adapt Reactant → Products: (Parts of a reaction) C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 → CO 2 + H 2 O glucose and oxygen reacts to form carbon dioxide and water Balanced equilibrium: use of coefficients number written in front of reactant/product conservation of mass—matter cannot be created nor destroyed

Explain why chemical equations must be balanced. C 6 H 12 O 6 + O 2 → CO 2 + H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 → 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O Practice balancing equations: K + B 2 O 3 → K 2 O + B 6K + B 2 O 3 → 3K 2 O + 2B

Practice 1. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H 2 O 2. CH 4 + O 2 → CO 2 + H 2 O 3. N 2 + H 2 → NH 3 4. Al + S 8 → Al 2 S 3

Answers 1. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H 2 O 2. CH 4 + 2O 2 → CO 2 + 2H 2 O 3. N 2 + 3H 2 → 2NH Al + 3S 8 → 8Al 2 S 3

Activation energy The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction. Figure 6.15 and 6.16-skill practice-visual literacy- read text under Activation energy and enzymes.

Activation Energy Consider how fig.6.17 depicts key concepts. Draw graphs showing effect of a catalyst on the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction.

What are enzymes? Why are enzymes important to living things? Name some biological processes that require enzymatic activity. What effect does an enzyme have on a chemical reaction?

Key and Lock How do enzymes maintain specificity? Evaluate: formative assessment Relate this concept to the analogy “key and lock”. List the factors that may alter the activity of an enzyme. Enzymes: describe the conditions inside the cell that enable enzymes to be active.

Water and Solution 6.3 The properties of water make it well suited to help maintain homeostasis in an organism. OBJECTIVE: Compare and contrast solutions and suspensions. Describe the difference between acids and bases

1 st Objective Evaluate how the structure of water makes it a good solvent. Physical property: characteristic of matter, such as color or melting point, that can be observed or measured changing the composition of the substance.

3-Column Notes Polar molecule, hydrogen bond, mixture, solution, solvent, solute acid, base, pH, buffer. term→ prediction → definition → example

Water Properties Polar molecule-what does it mean to have polarity? Adhesion—able to stick to surfaces Cohesion-able to stick to itself High specific heat-moderates temperature Floats when it freezes-expands Versatile solvent

Morphological Word Analogy Homogeneous v. heterogeneous Predict the meaning of these terms Use the Internet to search for these terms and write down some of what you find. Brainstorm examples of each term Discuss the meaning of these terms

Acids and Bases Acids: on a pH scale 0—6, (7—neutral) Bases: on a pH scale 8—14 Data Analysis Lab 6.1, pp. 164 complete. pH and buffers-balance solutions to maintain equilibrium= strong acid + strong base= a salt + water

The Building Blocks of Life Organic Chemistry- compounds containing C.H. O in a 1:2:1 ratio- see glucose Inorganic Chemistry-compounds not containing C, H, O in a 1:2:1 ratio like hydrogen carbons Four macromolecules are organic Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids (DNA→RNA)

What does it mean to be organic? Objectives: describe the role of carbon in living organisms. Summarize the four major families of biological macromolecules. Compare the functions of each group of macromolecules. Terms: macromolecules, polymer, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, Nucleotides.

Complete the table Chemical/ symbol: carbon/ C, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulfur. Atomic Number: 6 Atomic Mass: 12 Bonds Formed: 4

Clarify Misconception If a vegetable farmer grows crops without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, is the produce considered organic? Organic molecules: Organic foods

Differentiate Starch is a polysaccharide, dissolves easily in water, whereas cellulose does not. Both molecules consists of polymers of glucose molecules (sugar). What structural difference between starch and cellulose accounts for their difference in solubility?

Lipids Saturated fats: Unsaturated fats: Phospholipids: Steroids:

Anticipation Guide Before reading about Proteins: Predict T/F 1. proteins are organic molecules 2. proteins are made in cells 3. enzymes are proteins 4. amino acids are the building blocks of proteins

Clarify misconceptions What types of food other than meats are rich source of proteins? 20 different amino acids occurs in a triple code—a codon. Protein structurally in primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary,

Nucleic acids DNA/ RNA Nucleotides—subunits DNA’s sugar-Deoxyribose RNA’s sugar---Ribose Nitrogenous base—purines and pyrimidine Purines—Adenine and Guanine Pyrimidine---Thymine and Cytosine Bonds A—T and G—C

Formative assessment What is the relationship between macromolecules and polymers? What are the four categories of macromolecules? Study for chapter 6 test on Wednesday.