1 Accounting For Partnership Learning Outcomes:  Understand the concept of partnership  Understand the journal entries for the formation of partnership and distributing profit or loss  Able to prepare financial statements for partnership

2 Partnership Act 1961 “… is the relation which subsists between persons carrying on business in common with a view of profit.” Sec 3(1) Definition

3  Separate legal personality (for the purpose of financial reporting only)  Unlimited liability  Limited life  Co-ownership of property  Co-ownership of profits Characteristics

4 Advantages  Ease of formation and dissolution  Better management  Greater capital compared to proprietorship Disadvantages  Easily dissolved/limited life  Unlimited liability  Difficulty in transferring ownership  Conflict among partners  Lesser capital compared to corporation Advantages & Disadvantages

5  Minimum members is 2 and should not exceed 20.  Not necessarily in the form of written agreement. Verbal agreement is accepted.  All matters related to partnership must be referred to an agreement. If no agreement exists in relation to certain issues, statutes in the Partnership Act 1961 would be applied. Formation

6 This agreement is framework which governs the formation, operations, dissolution and liquidation of the partnership Contents:  Name, nature & scope of partnership  Authority, rights & duties of each partner  Methods of sharing profits & losses  Rates of interest for capital & drawings  Salaries  Provision for arbitration of disputes & liquidation of the partnership Partnership Agreement

7  When no partnership agreement exists:  Profits and losses are to be shared equally  No interest allowed on capital  No interest to be charged on drawings  No salaries are allowed  Interest 8% p.a. is charged on the advance (loan) made by a partner to the partnership  Each partner has unlimited liability. Cont.

8 Partnership vs Proprietorship Proprietorship Net Profit Partnership Net Profit Balance Sheet Partner’s Account

9 Two methods available to present the equity in the balance sheet: i. Fixed Capital Account ii. Fluctuating Capital Accounts The capital account will record the initial introduction of capital, and will normally only be adjusted if the partner introduces additional capital. Reporting Equity in BS

10 The current account will record transactions relating to partners other than transactions related to capital such as share of profits/losses, interest on withdrawals, interest on loan etc. If the partnership maintains fluctuating capital accounts, there will be no current account, and appropriations of profit and drawings will be recorded in the capital account. Cont.

11 Fixed Capital Account Cont. Capital Account AliAbuAliAbu Bank2,0006,000

12 Fixed Capital Account Cont. Current Account AliAbuAliAbu Int. on capital Int. on drawings Drawings Bal. c/d 2, ,6502,500 Profits2,5501,700 Salaries 500 2,6502,500 Bal. b/d

13 Fluctuating Capital Account Cont. Capital Account AliAbuAliAbu Int. on capital Int. on drawings Drawings Bal. c/d 2, ,6006,400 4,6508,500 Profits 2,5501,700 Salaries 500 4,6508,500 Bal. b/d2,6006,400 Bank 2,000 6,000

14 See Illustration 1 from Siti et al (2008), PA, p. 8 Cont.

15 Initial Investment Initial investment made by partners will be credited into their respective Capital Account. Non cash assets need to be recorded at their fair value at the date of investment. Liabilities brought into the partnership have to be recorded at fair value. Accounting Treatments

16 Additional Investment Similar accounting entries as to the initial investment:  Record asset at it’s fair value  Credit the amount to partner’s capital account Withdrawal of Investment The withdrawal amount needs to be debited to partner’s capital account Accounting Treatments

17 Loan Any loan provided by a partner is a liability to the partnership. This partner is entitled to receive a certain percentage of interest on the loan given. Interest on loan will be treated as expenses of the firm & will be recorded in income statement. Interest on capital Interest was given for the purpose of encouraging partners to invest in the business. Cont.

18 Other issues All amounts received by each partner for the current period (e.g. salaries, interest on capital, profit-loss, bonus etc.) would be credited to respective partner’s Current Account. A key point to remember is that as in a sole trader's accounts, any amounts actually paid to the owners (whether in cash or in kind) should be treated as drawings. Cont.

19 If a partner is entitled to a salary, it is dealt with as part of the appropriation of profit. It is not an expense of the business, and should not be charged to the income statement in order to calculate profit. Only salaries paid to employees of the business are charged to the income statement. Cont.

20 Residual Profit Profit which is divided between the partners in the profit and loss sharing ratio. It is the amount of profit remaining after taking into account the fact that the partners will be entitled to a proportion of the profit under the terms of the partnership agreement. These proportions are the 'appropriations of profit'. Profit- Loss Appropriation Account is prepared to determine the current profit received by each partner. Cont.

21 It should be noted that while salaries and interest on capital will reduce the amount of residual profit to be shared between the partners, interest on drawings will increase the residual profit. Cont.

22 Comprehensive Example The net profit for the partnership between Azlan and Chong for the year ended 31 December 2011 was RM28,500. The capital accounts and current accounts for the partnership on 1 January 2011 were as follow: Capital accounts: AzlanRM40,000 ChongRM50,000 Current accounts: AzlanRM2,160 ChongRM1,500 In the year 2011, Azlan withdrew RM2,000 on 31 Mac 2011.

23 Cont. The contents of the partnership agreement are as follow: i. Interest on the initial capital is 5% per year ii. Azlan would be paid RM12,000 per year for his salary iii. 8% interest per year would be levied on withdrawals by the partners iv. Azlan and Chong share a profit/loss in a ratio of 2:3 Prepare: (a) The allocation of profit-loss using Profit-Loss Separation Account or Profit-Loss Separation statement for the year ending 31 December (b) Capital account and current account for each partner (c) A balance sheet (equity section) as at 31 December2011