Most diverse of all the Kingdoms Kingdom Protista Most diverse of all the Kingdoms
Kingdom Protista- Basic Characteristics Eukaryote: cells with nucleus (organelles) Unicellular or Multicellular Autotrophs or heterotrophs Variation in movement Contain both plant and animal characteristics Asexual reproduction (fission) in all, some have types of sexual reproduction
Classifying Protists Some scientists classify protists by their methods of obtaining nutrition. Animal-like protists (PROTOZOANS) Classified based on method of movement Plantlike protists (ALGAE) Classified based on color pigment Funguslike protists Classified based on method of reproduction
The Protozoans (Animal-like) Phylum Ciliophora (Paramecium) Have cilia for movement Pellicle for support Macronucleus Micronucleus- used for reproduction Contractile vacuole- get rid of excess water Oral groove: where the food enters cell Gullet: forms the food vacuoles Food vacuoles: store food Anal pore: removes wastes Trichocysts: used for protection (self defense) Cytoplasm
Paramecium
Paramecium Characteristics Cilia beat rapidly- move very fast (wave like motion) Food getting Cilia pull food into the oral groove Gullet encloses food in a food vacuole Reproduction Asexual (fission) Sexual (conjugation) Exchange of genetic material
The Protozoans (Animal-like) Phylum Rhizopoda (Amoeba) Cell Membrane Nucleus Contractile vacuole: expels excess water Ectoplasm: clear outer cytoplasm Endoplasm: dense inner cytoplasm Pseudopod: (false feet) how they move & obtain food Food vacuole: stores & digests food
Amoeba Characteristics Movement: gel-sol reaction (move very slow) Food getting: phagocytosis (engulfs food) Pseudopods trap food and form a vacuole Enzymes digest food Reprodution: asexual (fission)
The Protozoans (Animal-like) Phylum Sporozoa (plasmodium) All are parasites Cause malaria Phylum Zoomatigina Zooflagellates Cause disease transferred by insects
Algae (Plant-like Protists) Phylum Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) Diatomaceous earth: used for toothpaste and insecticides
Algae (Plant-like Protists) Phylum Euglenophyta (Euglena) Flagella used for movement Eyespot: used to detect light Contractile vacuole: expels excess water Chloroplasts: makes food Nucleus: controls the cell Pellicle: helps keep the shape
Euglena Characteristics Movement: twirling of flagella pulls euglena through water Movement is slow Food getting: autotrophic & heterotrophic Uses eye spot to get to light Can absorb food across cell membrane Reproduction Asexual (fission)
Fungus-like Protists Absorb nutrients from decaying organic material (heterotrophic) Include slime molds