Population An Introduction to Concepts and Issues 9th Edition John R. Weeks

Part One A Demographic Perspective

Part Outline 1 Introduction to Demography 2 Global Population Trends 3 Demographic Perspectives 4 Demographic Data

Chapter 1 Introduction to Demography

Chapter Outline What Is Demography? Why Is Demography Important? How Will You Use This Information?

What is Demography? The scientific study of human population. Concerned with: Population size Population growth or decline Population processes Population distribution Population structure Population characteristics

The Past Is a Foreign Country World population (billions) U.S. population (millions) U.S. percent of world total4.8%4.6% Life expectancy4777 Children per woman3.52.1

The Past Is a Foreign Country U.S. Population Immigrants from Italy (1900–1910); (1990–2000) 2 million63,000 Immigrants from Mexico (1900–1910); (1990–2000) 50, million % foreign-born13.6%11.1% % urban40%80%

The Past Is a Foreign Country U.S. Population Number of passenger cars8, million % of population under %21.4% % of population %12.4% Average persons per household % high school graduates10%80%

Why is Demography Important? Global issues that have important demographic components include: Terrorism and regional conflict Violence in sub-Saharan Africa The backlash against immigrants Globalization The degradation of the environment

Degradation of the Environment Every person added to the population requires energy to prepare food, to provide clothing and shelter, and to fuel economic life. More than half a billion people face water scarcity. Two to three billion live in areas that are water-stressed.

Demographics of Politics The Census of Population provides data for the apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives. Legislators ask questions about how population influences the programs: Will increase in the older population bankrupt the Social Security system? Would federal subsidies to inner-city areas help lower the unemployment rate?

Demographics of Social Planning Local agencies use demographics to plan for services for their communities. Sickness and health are affected by sociodemographic characteristics and the demand for services shifts with demographic trends.

Births and Selected Age Groups in the United States

Marketing Demographics Segmenting markets - tailoring products and services to a specific demographic group Targeting - aiming the advertising of a product or service to a specific demographic group Cluster marketing relates demographic information about people to information about where they live.

Business Demographics Demographics are an important component of site selection for many businesses. Investors use demographics to find areas of potential market growth. Human resource managers use demographics to increase their awareness of the special qualities and needs among their present and prospective employees.