Changes.....

 Imagine you are in charge of immigration control at Ellis Island in New York.  You want your employees to know the difference between ‘old’ and ‘new’ immigrants.  Come up with a definition for each type of immigrant

 The changes that occurred in immigration law  When the changes happened  What impact the changes had

 “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free....”

 Some exceptions...  No alcoholics  No lunatics  No convicts  No anarchists - ?  Pay a tax on entry  1882 Federal Immigration Act

 1884 – Immigration Restriction League – USA in danger of being swamped by ‘lesser breeds’  Campaigned for literacy test – why?  1882 Chinese Exclusion Act – Chinese immigration illegal  1907 ‘Gentlemen’s Agreement’ gave the USA the right to exclude Japanese immigrants (finally banned completely in 1924)

 Passed by Congress despite President Wilson’s veto  Must pass a literacy test showing you can read and write.  Increased the entry tax to $8 a head  ‘Barred zone’ – forbidding immigration from most of Asia

 1850 to 1914 – 35 million immigrants  June 1919 to June 1921 – 800,000 entered USA (65% from Southern and Eastern Europe)  News from Europe was that millions more were preparing to leave  Ellis Island was so jammed that ships full of immigrants were being diverted to Boston

 A series of laws introduced during the 1920s to seriously reduce the numbers of immigrants entering the USA.

 Established quotas based on nationality.  This was aimed at reducing immigrants from eastern and central Europe – how does this work????  The formula is as follows;  The number of people admitted from one country =  No more than 3% of all the emigrants from that country who were already resident in the USA in 1910  Example  Italian emigrants number 4, in 1910 – how many would be allowed to enter the USA in one year? ANSWER? 122,220

 Only about 350,000 immigrants could enter the USA each year  Large numbers of people from ‘undesirable’ countries kept out  Favoured people from Britain and Ireland, Germany, Holland, Switzerland and Scandinavia  Few from Southern Europe  Most new immigrants after 1921 were WHITE & PROTESTANT

 Sometimes known as Johnson-Reed Act  Reduced the quota to 2%  Took the basis for measurement back to the 1890 census – why?

 Foreign immigration reduced to 150,000 p.a.  Mass immigration was ended  85% of all places were reserved for immigrants from northern and western Europe  Immigration from Asia stopped almost entirely  Immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe was very difficult

 Continue with the written tasks on the sheet you started last day.