Science – 8W Welcome

What is science? science is an organized study of the world around us

What is science? Science can be divided into three parts Life Science Earth Science Physical Science

What is science? Life Science – the study of living things Includes: Biology – the study of living things Zoology – the study of animals Botany – the study of plants

What is science? Earth Science – the study of the earth and its history Includes: Geology – the study of the earth’s structure, formation, and change Oceanography – study of oceans and their contents Meteorology – study of the air, weather, and climate Space Science – study of outer space and the things in it

What is science? Physical Science – the study of matter and energy Includes: Physics – study of energy and changes among forms of energy Chemistry – study of all forms of matter and changes in matter

The Importance of Earth Science Earth science is a part of everyday life weather fuel pollution cell phones

The Importance of Physical Science Physical Science is also a part of daily life seat belts nuclear energy

What is science? specialization – studying or working in one part of a subject

Science Skills scientists use certain skills to solve problems most of these skills involve the use of the five senses seeing hearing touching smelling tasting

Science Skills there are nine main science skills Observing Measuring Inferring Classifying Organizing Predicting Hypothesizing Modeling Analyzing

Science Skills Observing When you observe, you use your senses. You must pat close attention to everything that happens.

Science Skills Measuring When you measure, you compare an unknown value with a known value. Measuring makes observations more exact.

Science Skills Inferring When you infer, you form a conclusion based upon facts without making observations.

Science Skills Classifying When you classify, you group things based on how they are alike.

Science Skills Organizing When you organize, you work in an orderly way. You put your information in order.

Science Skills Predicting When you predict, you state ahead of time what you think will happen based upon what you already know.

Science Skills Hypothesizing When you hypothesize, you state or suggest a solution to a problem. A hypothesis is a suggested solution to a problem based upon what is already known about the problem.

Science Skills Modeling When you model, you use a copy of what you are studying to help explain it. A model can be a three-dimensional copy, a drawing, or a diagram. The model can be larger or smaller than the original.

Science Skills Analyzing When you analyze, you study information carefully.

Science Skills researching means to look for or to find out something again researching includes: reading books, magazines, newspapers, reports, etc. doing experiments

Science Skills communicating is sharing information scientists communicate by teaching, talking, and writing about their work communication is very important to the progress of science

Scientific Method scientific method – model or guide used to gather information and solve problems

Scientific Method the scientific method includes: Identify and State the Problem Gather Information State a Hypothesis Design an Experiment Make Observations and Record Data Organize and Analyze Data State a Conclusion

Scientific Method Identify and State the Problem scientists often state the problem as a question

Scientific Method Gather Information scientists read and communicate with one another they learn about work that has already been done a student may do library research to find out more about a problem

Scientific Method State a Hypothesis scientists state clearly a hypothesis, which is a suggested solution to a problem

Scientific Method Design an Experiment scientists design an experiment to test a hypothesis

Scientific Method Make Observations and Record Data scientists make careful observations during an experiment data is the information that they get scientists keep careful records of data

Scientific Method Organize and Analyze Data scientists organize their data scientists often use graphs, charts, tables, and diagrams to organize data data can then be analyzed, or studied

Scientific Method State a Conclusion a conclusion is a summary that explains the data it states whether or not the data support the hypothesis it answers the question stated in the problem

SI and the Metric System the metric system is an international system of measurement the metric system and SI (International System) are based on units of 10 scientists use SI

SI and the Metric System Prefixes and Their Meanings kilo- one thousand (1000) hecto- one hundred (100) deca- ten (10) deci- one tenth (1/10 or 0.1) centi- one hundredth (1/100 or 0.01) milli- one thousandth (1/1000 or 0.001)

Length the meter is the basic unit of length in the metric system and SI a meter stick is used to measure length

Area the area of a rectangle is found by multiplying its length times its width area = length X width a = l X w

Mass and Weight mass is the amount of matter in an object the kilogram is the basic unit of mass in the metric system the gram is too small of a unit

Mass and Weight weight is the measure of the pull of gravity on an object the weight of an object can change, but its mass remains the same

Mass and Weight a balance is used to measure mass

Volume volume is the amount of space an object takes up

Volume a graduated cylinder is used to measure the volume of a liquid a meniscus is the name of the curved surface of a liquid

Volume the liter is the basic metric unit of volume volume can also be measured in cubic centimeters

Temperature temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is temperature is measured with a thermometer

Temperature temperatures usually are measured on the Fahrenheit scale or the Celsius scale scientists working with very low temperatures us the Kelvin scale absolute zero (the lowest possible temperature) is equal to 0 K (zero Kelvin)

Temperature degree Celsius is the metric unit of temperature water freezes at 0oC (zero degrees Celsius) water boils at 100oC (one hundred degrees Celsius)