Settling the Northern & Middle Colonies Chapter 3

Warm Up Read Mayflower Compact & answer the questions with your partner (A day) SFI World History Activity (B day)

Political Life in England ( ) After the death of Elizabeth I in 1603, the crown passed to the Catholic Stuarts (James I ) ▫chronic conflict with the Protestant majority of Parliament ▫Charles I attempted to rule w/o Parliament English Civil War ( ); Charles I beheaded Puritan Oliver Cromwell rules as ‘Lord Protector’ until his death Restoration of Stuarts (Charles II) in , James II begins Catholic drama again 1688, Glorious Revolution ▫William & Mary (monarchy must be head of the Church of England) ▫English Bill of Rights establishes precedent of documenting the protected rights of citizens

Calvinism is America Puritans wished to rid-English Christianity of all Catholic (papist) elements ▫God is all-knowing & all-powerful ▫Humans are weak & prone to sin ▫It is predetermined which souls go to heaven ▫Only during conversion might one receive a sign that he/she had been saved Separatists believed that only ‘visible saints’ should be members of the Church of England ▫But all of the King’s subjects were entitled to membership ▫Needed to break away completely from C of E James I threatened their leadership ▫went to Holland, then secured the right to settle in the VA Company’s lands in 1620 ▫Arrived in Plymouth Bay as squatters, needed to create gov’t & gain right to the land

Plymouth Colony Wrote the Mayflower Compact as ▫a basic plan of gov’t ▫Demonstration of their fidelity to King James I Of the 102 who arrived on the Mayflower, only 44 survived the first winter ▫Celebrated “Thanksgiving” with the Wampanoag tribe who helped them survive the first winter Lead by William Bradford, who was their elected governor 30 times Believed that non-Puritans would corrupt their “errand into the wilderness’ ▫Only 7,000 people by the 1690s

“A City Upon a Hill”

The Massachusetts Bay Colony Founded by Puritans in 1630 who wished to escape potential persecution by Charles I More than 1,000 settlers, many who were educated & well-off Will come to specialize in shipbuilding & timber as industries Increased in size during the Great Migration of the 1630s John Winthrop called it “a city upon a hill’ –their covenant with God to build a holy society ▫Only church members ‘freemen’ could vote on provincial matters ▫In most towns, all propertied men could vote ▫Everyone paid taxes to support the church ▫Clergymen could not hold political office

The Great ‘Puritan’ Migration,

‘Rogues Island’ Rhode Island became home to theological dissidents exiled from Massachusetts Bay Anne Hutchinson ▫Holy life was no sign of salvation Roger Williams ▫Civil gov’t cannot regulate religious behavior ▫Founded the city of Providence as a place of religious toleration for all faiths, including Jews

Connecticut Colony Founded by Rev. Thomas Hooker in 1639 & other Boston Puritans Fertile region of New England Produced first written constitution, The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

War & Peace in the Puritan World 1643, Mass. Bay, Plymouth, New Haven formed the New England Confederation of Puritan colonies due to a lack of British support during the English Civil War Destroyed the Pequot tribe by uniting with the Narragansett Indians in Connecticut during the 1637 Pequot War 1675, King Phillip’s War, the Wampanoag Indians united with other tribes to stop the spread of Puritans into Western Massachusetts

Diversity in the Middle Colonies Colony of New Netherland established by the Dutch Republic in 1624 ▫As a port city, a diverse population of Swedes, Finns, Germans and Africans emerged New York established in 1664 after the British invade Manhattan island and surrounding lands New Jersey (proprietary colony) will split into 2 colonies due to land purchases by Quakers Delaware will not have its own governance until after the Revolution Middle colonies will become heavy exporters of grain & lumber

Quakers in America Quakerism was persecuted in England for turning away from the Calvinist belief in predestination ▫Everyone possessed an “inner light” that offered salvation ▫Egalitarian; no titles, no oaths, no clergy, no slavery 1681, William Penn secures a grant for his ‘holy experiment’ of Pennsylvania ▫Advertised honestly for skilled workers & offered freedom of worship ▫Philadelphia, planned city, unlike most colonial settlements