Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke

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Presentation transcript:

Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke AIM: What is the difference between Hobbes and Locke’s view of government? Thomas Hobbes vs. John Locke Two Visions of Government and Rights

Social Contract Theory Imagine two situations: Government (the state) No government (the state of nature) Which would you choose?

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) Wrote Leviathan Didn’t believe in Revolutions Believed in Absolute Monarchy Life in the state of nature would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”

Hobbes’s Social Contract You would give up Liberty To gain Security

John Locke Wrote Two Treatises of Government Believed in Natural Rights that come from nature or God Those rights include: Life, Liberty (freedom), and Property Believed in Limited Government that protected people’s Natural Rights

Locke’s state of nature You have natural rights in the state of nature: Rights to life, health, liberty, and property Right of self-preservation Right to execute the law of nature Not a state of war

Locke’s Social Contract Problem: finding an impartial arbitrator— who shall be judge? You would give up Your right to execute the law of nature You gain Impartial judgment

Natural and social rights Rights to life, health, liberty, and property are natural— you have them in the state of nature You do not give them up in the social contract You can’t give them up they come from nature Slavery would be wrong even if voluntary

Natural vs. Civil Rights Locke: “Bottom-up” model Some rights are natural, independent of government Government derives its power from the rights individuals allow the government to control

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