Chapter 1

 State – political community in a precise territory ◦ Sovereignty  Government makes and enforces laws  Nation ◦ Sizable group of people ◦ United by race, language, custom, or religion  Nation-state ◦ Territories of both state and nation coincide

 Four essential features of a state ◦ Population  The people ◦ Territory  Established boundaries ◦ Sovereignty  Supreme and absolute authority ◦ Government  Central institution

 Government ◦ The institution through which a state  Maintains social order  Provides public services  Enforces decisions that are binding on all its residents

 Evolutionary Theory ◦ State evolved from the family ◦ Head of primitive family served as government authority  Force Theory ◦ State was born from need to resist an enemy ◦ State emerged when all in an area were brought under authority of one person or group  Divine Right Theory ◦ People are chosen to rule by a god or gods

 Social Contract Theory ◦ Thomas Hobbes  People surrender freedom to the state  In return get order and security ◦ John Locke  3 natural rights  Life  Liberty  Property  Government promises to protect these natural rights

 Maintain Social Order ◦ Resolve conflicts to make civilized life possible  Provide Public Services ◦ Make community life possible  Provide Security and Defense ◦ Protect people against outside attacks  Provide for the Economy ◦ Shape the economic environment through the laws