4th MP Quarterly Review

Cell 1. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, for example a bacteria cell. The flagella helps the bacteria cell move.

DNA- Watson and Crick 2. discovered the structure of DNA double helix/ twisted ladder 3. Sides are phosphate and sugar Rungs are made of nitrogen base pairs The pairs are A-T C-G

Mendel- Genetics 4.Mendel used pea plants because they were fast growing & self-pollinating 5. The ratio of dominant to recessive traits was 3:1 (3 tall for every 1 short)

Trait 6. Traits are characteristics passed on from parent to offspring. Examples: eye color hair color attached/detached earlobes

7. Vocab Gene- the set of instructions for a trait Phenotype- the physical appearance (genotype is genetic make up) Dominant trait- the stronger trait that appears in the first generation Recessive trait- the weaker trait that is masked by the dominant trait Adaptation- is a characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment Evolution- the slow change in organisms over time Taxonomy- the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

8. Mitosis is the process of making new body cells The end result is 2 new daughter cells identical to the parent cell.

Natural Selection 9. Natural Selection explains that better adapted organisms to their environment will survive and reproduce. 10. It explained evolution but Darwin did not realize this was caused by genes.

11. 4 parts of Natural Selection Overproduction- more eggs/offspring than what will survive Inherited variation- there are differences among organisms in a species Struggle to survive- organisms may die from disease, lack of food or predators before reproducing Successful reproduction- the better adapted survive to reproduce organisms that will survive too

12. Pesticide exposure can produce insects that are resistant to the repellant 13. Elephants with valuable tusks will be killed before they reproduce and eventually that trait will decrease. More tuskless elephants will live to reproduce. 14. Carolus Linnaeus classified organisms (taxonomy) by their shape and structure 15. The scientific name of an organism is written with the Genus and species names using Greek or Latin. 16. Example: Leopard frog, Rana pipiens

14. Carolus Linnaeus classified organisms (taxonomy) by their shape and structure 15.The scientific name of an organism is written with the Genus and species names using Greek or Latin. 16. Example: Leopard frog, Rana pipiens

Classification Kids Pick Candy Over Fresh Green Salad 17. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Kingdoms 18. There are 6 Kingdoms

Punnett Squares Heterozygous Brown is Bb Homozygous Brown is BB Homozygous blue is bb