Psychological Disorders and Therapy Diagnosing, Identifying and Dealing and Dealing Some of Chapter 14 & all of Chapter 15 and 16

How do you know if somebody is mentally ill? Personality Inventories Personality Inventories Objective Objective Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Projective Projective Rorschach Inkblot Test Rorschach Inkblot Test Rorschach Inkblot Test Rorschach Inkblot Test Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

What is a psychological disorder? A harmful dysfunction marked by atypical, disturbing, maladaptive and unjustifiable behavior A harmful dysfunction marked by atypical, disturbing, maladaptive and unjustifiable behavior Perspective  Therapy Perspective  Therapy Medical Perspective Medical Perspective Philippe Pinel (1800ish) Philippe Pinel (1800ish) Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective Learning Perspective Learning Perspective Psychoanalytic Psychoanalytic Humanistic Humanistic Classifying Disorders Classifying Disorders DSM-IV-TR DSM-IV-TR Neurotic vs. psychotic Neurotic vs. psychotic

DSM-IV Diagnoses David Rosenhan and Thomas Szasz David Rosenhan and Thomas Szasz Major Classes Major Classes Anxiety Anxiety Affect Affect Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Disorders Schizophrenia Schizophrenia Personality Personality

Anxiety Disorders Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Phobia Phobia Agora- Agora- Simple (Specific) Simple (Specific) Social Social Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Obsession Obsession Compulsion Compulsion

Explaining Anxiety Disorders Learning Perspective Learning Perspective Conditioning of Fear Conditioning of Fear Biological Perspective Biological Perspective Evolution Evolution Fear of Snakes Fear of Snakes Genes Genes Identical Twins develop similar phobias Identical Twins develop similar phobias Physiology Physiology Frontal lobe Frontal lobe Serotonin Serotonin Amygdala Amygdala

Affective Disorders Major Depression Major Depression Dysthymia Dysthymia Bipolar Bipolar Mania Mania Depression Depression Mark Twain, Walt Whitman, Virginia Woolf, Edgar Allan Poe Mark Twain, Walt Whitman, Virginia Woolf, Edgar Allan Poe Cyclothymia Cyclothymia

Explaining Affective Disorders Psychoanalytic Perspective Psychoanalytic Perspective Childhood maladaptivity Childhood maladaptivity Biological Perspective Biological Perspective Genetic – runs in families Genetic – runs in families Biochemical Biochemical Norepinephrine – overabundant during mania, scarce during depression Norepinephrine – overabundant during mania, scarce during depression Serotonin – SSRIs Serotonin – SSRIs Frontal Lobes – less active in depression Frontal Lobes – less active in depression Cognitive Perspective Cognitive Perspective Learned helplessness  self-defeating beliefs Learned helplessness  self-defeating beliefs M.E.P. Seligman M.E.P. Seligman Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT) Electro-Convulsive Therapy (ECT)

Dissociative Disorders Depersonalization Depersonalization Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative Fugue Dissociative Fugue Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

Schizophrenia Disorganized thinking Disorganized thinking Hallucinations & delusions Hallucinations & delusions Grandeur Grandeur Paranoid Paranoid Reference Reference Clanging & word salad Clanging & word salad Flat Affect Flat Affect Types of Schizophrenia Types of Schizophrenia Positive Symptoms & Negative Symptoms Positive Symptoms & Negative Symptoms Chronic vs. acute Chronic vs. acute Paranoid Paranoid Disorganized Disorganized Catatonic Catatonic

Explaining Schizophrenia Brain Abnormalities Brain Abnormalities Dopamine Overactivity Dopamine Overactivity Movement, learning, attention, emotion Movement, learning, attention, emotion Glutamate Overactivity Glutamate Overactivity Brain Activity Brain Activity Low frontal lobe activity Low frontal lobe activity Planning and organization Planning and organization Fluid-filled sinuses Fluid-filled sinuses Hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus Hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus Birth Factors Birth Factors Virus or starvation during pregnancy Virus or starvation during pregnancy Genetics Genetics Behavioral Approach Behavioral Approach Token Economy Token Economy

Personality Disorders Avoidant Personality Avoidant Personality Withdrawn b/c of anxiety Withdrawn b/c of anxiety Schizoid Personality Disorder Schizoid Personality Disorder Socially disengaged b/c of “eccentricity” Socially disengaged b/c of “eccentricity” Histrionic Personality Histrionic Personality Dramatic and impulsive Dramatic and impulsive Narcissistic Narcissistic Exaggerate own importance Exaggerate own importance Borderline Borderline Unstable Unstable Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder Prisoner Prisoner Paranoid Personality Disorder Paranoid Personality Disorder

What is therapy? Psychological Therapies Psychological Therapies Psychoanalytic Psychoanalytic Humanistic Humanistic Behavior Behavior Cognitive Cognitive Group/Family Group/Family Medical Therapies Medical Therapies Drug Drug ECT ECT Psychosurgery Psychosurgery

Psychoanalysis Unconscious childhood conflict  “uncover” feelings/conflicts Unconscious childhood conflict  “uncover” feelings/conflicts Based on Freud’s theories Based on Freud’s theories ID, EGO, SUPEREGO ID, EGO, SUPEREGO Free association Free association Hypnosis Hypnosis Regression Regression Dream Interpretation Dream Interpretation Resistance/Interpretation Resistance/Interpretation Transference/Countertransference Transference/Countertransference Psychodynamics Psychodynamics Assuming today’s behavior is caused by yesterday’s conflicts Assuming today’s behavior is caused by yesterday’s conflicts

Humanistic Perspective “Happiness”  Self-Actualization “Happiness”  Self-Actualization Abraham Maslow/Carl Rogers Abraham Maslow/Carl Rogers Self-actualization Self-actualization Unconditional positive regard Unconditional positive regard Self-concept/self-esteem Self-concept/self-esteem Client-Centered Therapies Client-Centered Therapies Active-listening Active-listening

Behavior Therapy Incorrect Learning  “Re-learning” Incorrect Learning  “Re-learning” Classical Conditioning Therapy Classical Conditioning Therapy Counterconditioning Counterconditioning Mary Cover Jones Mary Cover Jones Systematic desensitization Systematic desensitization Progressive relaxation Progressive relaxation Flooding Flooding Aversive conditioning Aversive conditioning Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning Token Economy Token Economy

Cognitive Therapy Improper Thinking  Thought Realigning Improper Thinking  Thought Realigning Cognitive Therapy Cognitive Therapy Depression Depression Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy OCD/PET Scan Readings OCD/PET Scan Readings