Wednesday Bell Work Answer in Folders (Task #1) Grab Books Grab Folders Grab Notes Outline from Back: Answer in Folders (Task #1) Read opening box (pg.60) WHAT IS CULTURE? WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO YOU? (leave room to answer again later)

Chapter 3 Culture

What is Culture? Refers to the beliefs, values, behavior and material objects that, together, form a people’s way of life Two basic components Non-Material Culture Intangible creations of human society (ideas) Material Culture Tangible products of human society (things)

What is Culture Cultures Role Culture Shock Task #2 Two components describe a peoples way of life Also plays a role in shaping human personality Culture Shock Occurs when an individual suffers personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life Task #2 Read Thinking Globally pg.63: Answer Two components of culture= material/non-material

What is Culture Only humans depend on culture to ensure survival What do all other animals (except some primates) depend on? Natural Instincts Culture is very recent and took a long time to develop as a strategy Human achievement set us on evolutionary course, making culture the primary survival strategy Concept of culture is different To concepts of nations (political entities) and societies (organized interaction of people)

Elements of Culture All cultures have five common components: symbols, language, values/beliefs, norms, and material culture Symbols Anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share culture Meanings can vary form society to society, w/in a single society, and over time. Read Symbols (pgs. 64-66)

Symbols How does this represent a symbol Peace?

Lesson Closing Task #3 In your folders Pre-Read Pages 66-69 L-J#1 In your folders What is culture now? What does it mean to you? Pre-Read Pages 66-69 If you don’t finish, read on own

Bell Work: Get books and Folders Should have Pre-Read pages 66-69 Task #4: Read/Answer What are the 5 elements of a culture? What are the 2 basic components of Culture? What occurs when a person suffers personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of life? Task #5 Read/Answer Applying Soc in Folders

Elements of Culture Language System of symbols that allows people to communicate w/one another Key to Cultural transmission Process by which one generation passes culture to the next. Sapir-Whorf Thesis: People perceive world through cultural lens of language. Look @ Global Map of languages Sapir-Whorf Basic idea that we fashion reality from language, more so argued now that it is symbols and not language that we get this

Values and Beliefs Values Beliefs (supported by values) Culturally defined standards by which people judge desirability, goodness and beauty, and serve as broad guidelines for social living. Beliefs (supported by values) Specific statements that people hold to be true. Example Value of equal opportunity for all=belief that a woman or minority could be president

Task #6 Read Robin Williams Key values of culture Write them down in your folder. Then reflect on at least 3 that you either identify the most with, or strongly disagree with.

Lesson Closing Video on Cultural Norms HW or during Video Power Media Plus Social Interaction in Everyday life HW or during Video Answer 71-80 of T/F: Will be in pages 60-69

Bell Work Get Books/Folders/Paper in back Task #7 Read/Answer Essay on page 41 of HO Morals in the U.S

Values and Beliefs Values in Conflict Values w/in a society are often inconsistent and can even oppose one another Task #8 “Don’t Blame Me” Outloud Americans may be becoming increasingly unwilling to accept personal responsibility for their failings and misfortunes Values Globally differ somewhat from high to low income countries in general. (3-2 pg.72) Low= often values of survival High= often values of individualism/self-expression Example of Conflict Examples 1 & 10 have a conflict Read Values: Sometimes in Conflict on page 70

Norms Rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members 2 Types described by William Sumner Mores: widely observed/morally significant norms Folkways: Norms for routine/casual interaction.

Norms Social Control (Reward/punishment) Various means by which members of society encourage conformity to norms Could be a weird look, nod of approval or greater than either Your Turn For our high school; name one of each and each person has to answer at least once and the social control factor that could play into it.

Task #9: Lesson Closing Answer T/F 81-90 Finish Video on Culture/Humor Complete Your Turn in folders on pg. 72 But think of it in terms of our high-school And the social control factor that could play into it. Have at least an example to share for one or the other Read 70-76: Up to Multiculturalism Answer T/F 81-90 Finish Video on Culture/Humor

Thursday Bell Work L-J #2 Bell Work: Get books/folders Culturally Defined standard that serve as broad guidelines? Values Specific Statements that people hold to be true Beliefs Norm that is widely observed; often moral…. Mores What is an example of social control when a person burps or farts in a restaurant? People usually react likes they’re gross, and immature! How does the person then feel? What is social Control Rewards/punishment a society uses to encourage conformity to norms L-J #2

Material Culture Material Culture reflects a society’s values and a society’s Technology Technology Knowledge that people apply to the task of living in their surroundings What are some examples of how we’ve used technology to adapt to our surroundings? Irrigation, harvesting techniques, cars, computers

Distinguishing Sociologists Distinguish between ideal and real culture Ideal Culture Social patterns that are mandated by cultural values and norms Real Culture Actual social patterns that only approximate cultural expectations Values and Norms don’t describe actual behavior so much as they suggest how we SHOULD behave Example: Most men/women agree on sexual faithfulness; but 25% of men and 10% of women have reported sexual unfaithfulness.

Cultural Diversity: Many ways Who is the most multicultural of all the industrial countries? U.S. Cultural Diversity can even include social classes. People often judge others activities in regards to two main patterns High Culture Popular Culture

Cultural Diversity High Culture Popular Culture Cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite Examples of judgments? Opera, “Theatre,” Ballet, etc. Popular Culture Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population Hip-hop, rock, sporting events High culture is not superior to popular culture Often people just have different interests/tastes Which culture would play a violin….fiddle? Violin= High Culture Fiddle= Popular Culture Fundamentally the Same except for where/how they are played

Subcultures Task #10: Your Turn pg. 75 Cultural patterns that distinguish some segment of a society’s population Involve both differences and hierarchy People too often view “mainstream” culture what really is those patterns favored by the powerful segments of the population They also view the lives of disadvantaged people as “subculture” Task #10: Your Turn pg. 75 Are hunting, skeet shooting, and ATV driving any less cultural patterns than Aspen skiing, playing polo, and going to the opera? That is what has led sociologists to Multiculturalism After Cultural patterns Complete in folder the Your turn on pg. 75

Lesson Closing Task #11 Pre-Read pgs. 76-81 Complete in the times on pgs. 76-77 Pre-Read pgs. 76-81 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZDvLk7e2Irc T/F: 91-96; Have up through 96 done for tomorrow Turn in Small sheet of paper with name on it that has: Person, or two, that you plan on contacting for your interview Their information, and your reasoning for interviewing them!

Friday Bell Work Bell Work: Get Books/folders Answer these questions as Task #12 Cultural patterns that distinguish some segment of a society’s population? Subculture Cultural patterns that distinguish a society’s elite High Culture Cultural patterns that are widespread among a society’s population Popular Culture T/F High culture is often superior to Popular culture False Video

Multiculturalism Educational program recognizing the cultural diversity of the U.S. & promoting equality of all cultural traditions Euro centrism: Dominance of European cultural patterns Supporters argue that it helps us come to terms w/a diverse population and use that as a strength Often argue for Afro-centrism: Dominance of African cultural patterns Euro-centrism Multiculturalism stands in direct opposition to Eurocentrism Afro-centrism Believed to be a way to counter Euro-centrism

Multiculturalism Opponents Argue that it encourages divisiveness over unity People begin to evaluate ideas based on race/gender Leading to judgments like “African experience” and “Asian experience”

Cultural Diversity Counter Culture Cultural Change Cultural patterns that strongly oppose widely accepted ones in a society Cultural Change Promoted by three things: Invention, discovery, and diffusion. Cultural integration: close relationship among various elements of a cultural system. Cultural Lag: cultural elements (material/non) change at different rates, causing disruption Cultural Patterns Cultural Diversity also involves this Example: “Hippies” who opposed the society of competition and self-centeredness. Cultural Change Add 2 components to bottom of page Cultural integration Change in one element affect another element Ex: More educated women, and more women in workplace is causing women to have children later in life Cultural Lag Material things (technology) moving faster than nonmaterial things (ideas) Ex: How to view parenthood with the new technology of fertilization, sperm/egg donors, etc.

Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism The practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture Look @ pg. 81 Figure Cultural Relativism Practice of judging a culture by its own standards Ethnocentrism Somewhat necessary element; but can also lead to misunderstanding/conflict Relativism Hard to adopt; need openness to unfamiliar values/norms & put aside own standards Becoming increasingly important in today's world of interconnectedness.

Lesson Closing L-J #3 : Dice Game Video Read from book for Monday The Way We Live: Common Ground: Culture Read from book for Monday Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism

Monday Bell Work Bell Work Answer Questions Grab book/folder Answer Questions Dominance of European cultural trends Euro-centrism Dominance of African cultural trends Afro-centrism Stands in direct opposition of Euro-centrism Multiculturalism Education program promoting equality of all cultural traditions Material things moving faster than nonmaterial things Cultural lag Counter-Culture? Cultural patterns opposite of widely accepted one’s. Finish: The Way We Live: Common Ground: Culture

Emergence of a global culture Read A Global Culture? Pgs. 81-82 Much evidence exists that suggests the emergence of a global culture 3 Key Factors that are promoting it Global Economy: The flow of goods Global Communications: Flow of information Global Migration: Flow of people Global Economy International Trade has never been greater Similar consumer goods are being spread everywhere Global Communication: Satellite communication has given people the ability to communicate and experience sights and sounds of events across the world Global Migration Transportation technology has made the world smaller in terms of reachable places for the majority of people. Resulting in more people living in countries other than the ones they were born in.

Emergence of a Global Culture Three Limitations Global culture is more advanced in some parts of the world than others Many people cannot afford to participate in the material aspects of a global culture Satellite communication, air travel, etc. Different people attribute different meanings to various aspects of the global culture. Good and bad; different things learned from similar elements.

Lesson Closing L-J#4 Video Way We live: The Sociological Perspective

Tues Bell Work Review: Task #13 Grab books/folders 3 Factors that promote global culture? Global economy, communication, migration 3 Limitations of a global culture? More advanced in some areas Many can’t afford material parts People attribute different meanings to it. Practice of judging another culture by standards of own Ethnocentrism Cultural patterns that strongly oppose widely accepted ones in a society Counter-culture Practice of judging a culture by its own standards Cultural Relativism

Theoretical Analysis of Culture Attempting to understand how culture helps us make sense of ourselves and the surrounding world Three Macro level approaches Structural Functional Social Conflict Sociobiology

Structural Functional Sees culture as a complex strategy for meeting human needs Considers values the core of a culture Values direct our lives, give meaning to what we do, and bring people together Cultural Universals Traits that are part of every known culture Ex: Family, funeral rites, joking

Structural Functional Strengths Helps show how culture operates to meet human needs Weakness Ignores cultural diversity Downplays importance of change

Social Conflict Idea that any cultural trait benefits some members of a society at the expense of others Rooted in Materialism Ties our cultural values of competitiveness and material success to our country’s economy Materialism Society’s system of material production (for us capitalism) has a powerful effect on the rest of a culture

Social Conflict Strengths Weakness Suggests that cultural systems do not address human needs equally, allowing some to dominate others This inequality pressures for change Weakness Understates the ways that cultural patterns integrate members of a society

Lesson Closing Finish: Way We live: The Sociological Perspective

Bell Work Get books and folders Finish Movie after Task 14 Make sure you have your sociology reading book Task #14: Copy down Chart on page 85

Sociobiology Theoretical approach that explores ways in which human biology affects how we create culture Claim that the large number of cultural universals shows the fact that all humans are members of a single biological species Based on Darwinism and the process of natural selection

Sociobiology Critical Review Strengths Weaknesses Has generated intriguing theories about biological roots of some cultural patterns Weaknesses May promote racism/sexism by claiming only natural selection and other biological arguments of old Research support is limited

Read Thinking Globally Task #15 10 Min.s

Culture and Human Freedoms Culture brings sociologists to one important question To what extent are human beings, as cultural creatures, free? Two Views Culture as constraint Culture as freedom

Culture and Human Freedoms Two Views Constraint Humans cannot live w/out culture, but the need for culture does have some drawbacks Culture is largely habits, meaning we will repeat mistakes Freedom Culture forces us to choose as we make and remake a world for ourselves The more people understand the workings of culture the better prepared we can be to use those freedoms

Lesson Closing L-J #5 Read book, make up any notes that you’ve missed Read soc. Novel or work on project stuff Review Tomorrow: Complete any work Test Friday