Conditional Grammar, Part 1: “Real Conditionals” Let’s study the rules for this week’s grammar.

Let’s start with some examples: 1. It’s 6:00 a.m. on Monday morning, and Margaret is getting ready for work. She has to hurry because … If she is late for work, Margaret’s boss will be angry. What tense is the first verb in? What tense is the second verb in?

2. It’s 3:00, and John is at work. He doesn’t feel well. He has a terrible headache. John will go home early if he doesn’t feel better soon. What tense is the first verb in? What tense is the second verb in?

3. It’s Saturday morning, and Marissa has a busy day ahead of her. She has to do a lot of chores and run some errands. But... If she has time before dinner, she is going to see a movie with her friend. What tense is the first verb in? What tense is the second verb in?

If I finish my homework early, I’ll watch TV for a while. In this type of sentence... o o Put the verb in _________ tense after IF o o Put the other verb in the _________ tense o o Which clause gives the condition? o o Which clause gives the result of the condition?

About Real Conditionals: Real Conditional sentences have two clauses or phrases: 1) 1) If clause: gives the condition and has a verb in simple present tense 1) 1) Main clause: gives the result and has a verb in future. The two ways to make the future are: -will -be going to

It doesn’t matter what order the clauses are in: a. Karen will look for a new job if she doesn’t get a raise soon. b. If she doesn’t get a raise soon, Karen will look for a new job. Important Note: if you begin with IF, use a comma between the two clauses.

Be careful with negative forms: Remember, for the present tense negative use: But for present tense BE, simply use: For the future negative, use:

More examples: (with negatives) 1. If my family doesn’t come to visit me this year, I’ll be very sad. 2. Linda and her family won’t get a dog if their new apartment complex prohibits it.

Unless  Unless means the same as if not.  We do not use a negative structure in the unless clause i.e.: unless we don’t protect languages X in correct!! Unless we protect languages, they will become extinct.=if we don’t protect languages, they will become extinct. We cannot speak a foreign language fluently unless we practice the previously learnt discussion structures.= we cannot speak a foreign language fluently if we don’t practice the previously learnt structures.

when& as soon as  They can replace if in the first conditional. We use them when we are sure that something will happen i.e:As soon as they arrive, we’ll start the meeting. When they arrive, call me and I’ll meet them. IMPORTANT!!! We NEVER use a FUTURE TENSE with these time expressions!!! When the train XXX INCORRECT! When the train will arrive XXX INCORRECT! As soon as they will come XXX INCORRECT!

Your turn to practice: Complete each sentence with an appropriate idea. Be sure to use correct grammar IF I have time tomorrow, I … I will buy a new television IF … IF you don’t practice English often, … IF I feel sick tomorrow, … The teacher will help you IF … I will lend you $10 IF … IF the weather is nice tomorrow, … I’ll be upset IF… Unless we study harder… As soon as the teacher comes to the classroom,… When the exam starts,…