Biology Bio = life ology = study of Biology = study of life Biotic factors = ALL LIVING things in an environment Trees, cats, fish, bacteria, etc. Abiotic factors = ALL NONLIVING things Air, rocks, water, rivers, etc Living things depend on abiotic factors to live Abiotic factors recycled Matter cannot be created or destroyed

Characteristics of living things ALL living things MUST HAVE the following characteristics 1. Be complex and organized 2. Use energy (to maintain homeostasis) 3. Grow (and develop) 4. reproduce 5. Respond and adapt

Overview Natural tendency is for universe and matter to move towards an increasing state of disorder This involves a LOSS of usable energy 40% of energy produced in human metabolism is lost as heat Organisms have developed a complex/organized system that allows Them to maintain homeostasis (same state) System requires energy to do work Because organisms maintain homeostasis, they are able to grow and reproduce Successful growth and reproduction depends on an organisms ability to adapt and respond to the environment (immediately and over time

Heirarchy Levels of organization Atom  molecule  CELL  tissue  organ  organ system  Organism  population  community  ecosystem  biosphere complex and organized

complex and organized

Life captures energy from the sun and converts that energy into NUTRIENTS. (photosynthesis). NUTRIENTS are broken down and converted into usable ENERGY. (cellular respiration) Use energy to maintain homeostasis ENERGY is used to maintain HOMEOSTASIS. Nutrients are RECYCLED

The CELL is the smallest unit that exhibits all the characteristics of living things complex and organized Organisms may be single celled (unicellular) or multicellular

UNITY Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ALL organisms contain complex and organized DNA is inherited DNA determines the pattern of growth and development

DIVERSITY Grow and develop DNA  RNA (transcription) RNA  protein (translation Reproduce While all organism are unified in possessing DNA, differences in DNA arrangement makes all organisms DIFFERENT

Classification and Evolution complex and organized Organisms are CLASSIFIED in a HEIRARCHY based on GENETIC (inherited DNA )differences. The THREE DOMAINS Grow and develop Because DNA is INHERITED, classification by genetic differences provides evidence for EVOLUTION Reproduce

ADAPT and RESPOND Organisms that are NOT able to ADAPT and RESPOND to a constantly changing environment WILL NOT SURVIVE Adapt and Respond Failure to survive = failure to reproduce Failure to reproduce = loss of genetic information (DNA)