Pardhasaradhi Teluguntla, Jun Xiong, and Prasad Thenkabail Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) January 16-17, 2014 third Workshop on Global Food.

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Pardhasaradhi Teluguntla, Jun Xiong, and Prasad Thenkabail Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) January 16-17, 2014 third Workshop on Global Food Security Analysis 30 m (GFSAD30) Menlo Park, California, USA U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Goal

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Overarching Goal The Ultimate Goal of this sub-project is to produce an accurate global cropland extent (GCE) map at nominal 30 m resolution Note: Global cropland extent is one of the 5 products we will produce in the GFSAD30 NASA MEaSUREs Project.

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Approach

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Approach: three stages to reach the goal We will achieve global cropland 30 m in 3 distinct stages 1. GCE 1.0 (1 km) A global cropland extent 1 km will be produced based on the synthesis of best available existing global extent maps. This will be released at nominal 1 km resolution as version 1.0 product. 2. GCE 2.0 (250 m) MODIS 250 m resolution monthly maximum value composite (MVC) NDVI time-series data will be used to refine the version 1.0 product to produce a more refined nominal 250m resolution as version 2.0 product. 3. GCE 3.0 (30 m) Landsat 30m resolution NDVI data will be used to refine the version 2.0 product to produce further refined accurate nominal 30 m resolution as version 3.0 product.

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) GCE V1.0 (nominal 1 km)

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE 1.0) Global cropland extent at nominal 1km Resolution Existing Global cropland products: A.Thenkabail et al. (2009) (Thenkabail et al., 2009, Biradar et al., 2009,Thenkabail et al., 2011) B. Pittman et al. (2010) C. Yu et al., (2013) Existing Global Croplands in Global Land Use Land Cover product: D. Friedl et al. (2010) ……we will use the above 4 products to come up with a refined GCE V1.0

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) GCE V1.0 (nominal 1 km) Final Product

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) based on Thenkabail et al. 2009, Pittman et al. 2010, Yu et al., 2013 and Friedl et al.2010 ~2.3 billion hectares full pixel area (FPAs)

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) based on Thenkabail et al. 2009, Pittman et al. 2010, Yu et al., 2013 and Fried et al.2010 Class#Class DescriptionPixelsPercent #Namesunitless% 11. Global cropland extent % 22.Cropland minor fractions Cropland insignificant fractions Note1 1= aprroximately 2.3 billion hectares Cropland estimated from 4 sources Table : Global cropland extent at nominal 1-km based on three major studies: Thenkabail et al. (2009), Pittman et al. (2010), Yu et al. (2013) and Fried et al.(2010). Three class map.

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) based on Thenkabail et al. 2009, Pittman et al. 2010, Yu et al., 2013 and Fried et al.2010 ~2.3 billion hectares full pixel area (FPAs) with 34% irrigated and 66% rainfed.

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) based on Thenkabail et al. 2009, Pittman et al. 2010, Yu et al., 2013 and Fried et al.2010 Class#Class DescriptionPixelsPercent #Namesunitless% 1Croplands all 4, irrigated % 2Croplands 3 of 4, irrigated % 3Croplands all 4, rainfed % 4Croplands 3 of 4, rainfed % 5Croplands, 2 of 4, irrigation dominance % 6Croplands, 2 of 4, irrigation dominance % 7Croplands, 3 of 4, rainfed dominant % 8Croplands, 2 of 4, rainfed dominance % 9Croplands, minor fragments, 2 of % 10Croplands, insignificant fragments, 2 of Croplands, minor fragments, 1 of Croplands, insignificant fragments, 1 of Class 1 to 9 total % Note: 1=appriximately 2.3 billion heactars 2 = % calculated based on class 1 to 9. Class10,11 and 12 are minor cropland fragements 3= all 4 means, all 4 studies agreed Table : Global cropland extent at nominal 1-km based on three major studies: Thenkabail et al. (2009), Pittman et al. (2010), Yu et al. (2013) and Fried et al.(2010). Twelve class map.

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Products used to Produce GCE V1.0 (nominal 1 km) 1.0 Thenkabail et al. 2009

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Thenkabail et al., 2009; Global Cropland extent nominal 1 km ~2.3 billion hectares full pixel area (FPAs) with 40% irrigated and 60% rainfed.

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Table 2a. Global cropland extent at nominal 1-km based on Thenkabail et al. (2009). Global Cropland Extent Thenkabail et al., 2009; Global Cropland extent nominal 1 km

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Products used to Produce GCE V1.0 (nominal 250 m) 2.0 Pittman et al. 2010

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Pittman et al., 2010; Global cropland extent map 250 m ~0.9 billion hectares full pixel area (FPAs). There is no irrigated or rainfed

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Table 2b. Global cropland extent at nominal 250 m based on Pittman et al. (2010). Global Cropland Extent Pittman et al., 2010; Global cropland extent nominal 250 m

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Products used to Produce GCE V1.0 (nominal 30 m) 3.0 Yu et al. 2013

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Yu et al., 2013; Global cropland extent nominal 30m ~2.2 billion hectares full pixel area (FPAs). There is no irrigated or rainfed

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Yu et al., 2013; Global cropland extent map at nominal 30m Table 2c. Global cropland extent at nominal 30 m based on Yu et al. (2013).

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Products used to Produce GCE V1.0 (nominal 500 m) 4.0 Friedl et al. 2010

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior ~2.3 billion hectares full pixel area (FPAs). There is no irrigated or rainfed Global Cropland Extent Friedl et al., 2010; Global cropland extent nominal 500m

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Friedl et al., 2010; Global cropland extent nominal 30m Class#Class DescriptionPixelsPercent #Namesunitless% 1 Global croplands (Class 12 and 14) % Note: 1= apprximately 2.7 billion hactares based on GLC class12 and 14 Table 2d. Global cropland extent at nominal 500 m based on Fried et al. (2010).

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Products used to Produce GCE V1.0 (nominal 1 km) Thenkabail et al and Pittman et al., 2010

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) based on Thenkabail et al and Pittman et al. 2010

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Table 3. Global cropland extent from Thenkabail et al. (2009) and Pittman et al. (2010). Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) based on Thenkabail et al and Pittman et al. 2010

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) based on Thenkabail et al. 2009, Pittman et al. 2010, and Yu et al., 2013 ~2 billion hectares full pixel area (FPAs) with 40% irrigated and 60% rainfed.

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Table. Global cropland extent at nominal 1-km based on three major studies: Thenkabail et al. (2009), Pittman et al. (2010), and Yu et al. (2013). Six class map. Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) based on Thenkabail et al. 2009, Pittman et al. 2010, and Yu et al., 2013

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) based on Thenkabail et al. 2009, Pittman et al. 2010, and Yu et al., 2013 ~2 billion hectares full pixel area (FPAs) with 40% irrigated and 60% rainfed.

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Table 3b. Global cropland extent at nominal 1-km based on three major studies: Thenkabail et al. (2009), Pittman et al. (2010), and Yu et al. (2013). Three class map. Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) based on Thenkabail et al. 2009, Pittman et al. 2010, and Yu et al., 2013

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) GCE V1.0 (nominal 1 km) Final Product

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) based on Thenkabail et al. 2009, Pittman et al. 2010, Yu et al., 2013 and Friedl et al.2010 ~2.3 billion hectares full pixel area (FPAs) with 34% irrigated and 66% rainfed.

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) based on Thenkabail et al. 2009, Pittman et al. 2010, Yu et al., 2013 and Fried et al.2010 Class#Class DescriptionPixelsPercent #Namesunitless% 1Croplands all 4, irrigated % 2Croplands 3 of 4, irrigated % 3Croplands all 4, rainfed % 4Croplands 3 of 4, rainfed % 5Croplands, 2 of 4, irrigation dominance % 6Croplands, 2 of 4, irrigation dominance % 7Croplands, 3 of 4, rainfed dominant % 8Croplands, 2 of 4, rainfed dominance % 9Croplands, minor fragments, 2 of % 10Croplands, insignificant fragments, 2 of Croplands, minor fragments, 1 of Croplands, insignificant fragments, 1 of Class 1 to 9 total % Note: 1=appriximately 2.3 billion heactars 2 = % calculated based on class 1 to 9. Class10,11 and 12 are minor cropland fragements 3= all 4 means, all 4 studies agreed Table : Global cropland extent at nominal 1-km based on three major studies: Thenkabail et al. (2009), Pittman et al. (2010), Yu et al. (2013) and Fried et al.(2010). Twelve class map.

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) GCE V1.0 (nominal 1 km) Issues and Problems

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Issues and Problems: Example 1, Australia

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Issues and Problems: Example 2, Africa

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Issues and Problems: Example 3, Africa

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Global Cropland Extent Version 2.0 (GCE V2.0) GCE V2.0 (nominal 1 km) Issues and Problems

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Approach: three stages to reach the goal We will achieve global cropland 30 m in 3 distinct stages 1. GCE 1.0 (1 km) A global cropland extent 1 km will be produced based on the synthesis of best available existing global extent maps. This will be released at nominal 1 km resolution as version 1.0 product. 2. GCE 2.0 (250 m) MODIS 250 m resolution monthly maximum value composite (MVC) NDVI time-series data will be used to refine the version 1.0 product to produce a more refined nominal 250m resolution as version 2.0 product. 3. GCE 3.0 (30 m) Landsat 30m resolution NDVI data will be used to refine the version 2.0 product to produce further refined accurate nominal 30 m resolution as version 3.0 product.

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Documentation 1.Documentation A.Available in ftp share B.Contact Pardha

How do we further refine and improve??? U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) Issues and Problems: Way Forward

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Other Slides May not Need

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Class 1 = Irrigated pure = 1,2,3,4,5,7,12,14,20 Class 2 = Irrigated with some mix of natural vegetation = 6,8,9,10,11,13 Class 3 = Irrigated with significant mix of natural vegetation = 15,16,17,18,19 Class 4 = Irrigation supplemental pure = 21,25 Class 5 = Irrigated supplemental mixed with significant rainfed = 22 Class 6 = Irrigated supplemental with some natural vegetation = 23,24 Class 7 = Irrigated supplemental with significant natural vegetation = 26,27,28 Class 8 = LULC with irrigated = 29,30,31,32,33,34 Global Cropland Extent (Irrigated Cropland Extent) nominal 1 km (based on AVHRR+SPOT VGT+Secondary) New 8 irrigated area nominal 1 km derived from 34 classes

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Class 1 = Irrigated pure = 1,2,3,4,5,7,12,14,20 Class 2 = Irrigated with some mix of natural vegetation = 6,8,9,10,11,13 Class 3 = Irrigated with significant mix of natural vegetation = 15,16,17,18,19 Class 4 = Irrigation supplemental pure = 21,25 Class 5 = Irrigated supplemental mixed with significant rainfed = 22 Class 6 = Irrigated supplemental with some natural vegetation = 23,24 Class 7 = Irrigated supplemental with significant natural vegetation = 26,27,28 Class 8 = LULC with irrigated = 29,30,31,32,33,34 Global Cropland Extent (Irrigated Cropland Extent) nominal 1 km (based on AVHRR+SPOT VGT+Secondary) New 8 irrigated area nominal 1 km derived from 34 classes Class 1 = Croplands, irrigated dominance = 1,2,4,5,6,,7 (GIAM 8classes) Class 3 = Natural vegetation with minor cropland fractions = 3, 8 (GIAM 8classes) 2 irrigated cropland nominal 1 km derived from 8 classes

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent (Rainfed Cropland Extent) nominal 1 km (based on AVHRR+ SPOT VGT + Secondary) Class 1 = Rainfed croplands with some mix of natural vegetation = 1,2,3,4 Class 2 = Rainfed croplands with some mix of woodlands, forests = 5,6,7 Class 3 = Rainfed croplands with mix of wetlands, supplemental, and natural vegetation = 17,18 Class 4 = Natural savanna vegetation and rainfed cropands mix = 8,9,10,11,12 Class 5 = Natural woodlands, forests and rainfed croplands mix = 13,14,15,16 New 5 rainfed area nominal 1 km derived from 18 classes

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent (Rainfed Cropland Extent) nominal 1 km (based on AVHRR+ SPOT VGT + Secondary) New 5 rainfed area nominal 1 km derived from 18 classes Class 2 = Croplands, rainfed dominance = 1,2,3 (GMRCA 5classes) Class 4 = Natural vegetation dominance with very minor cropland fractions = 4,5 (GMRCA 5classes) 2rainfed area nominal 1 km derived from 5 classes

Class 1 = Irrigated pure Class 2 = Irrigated with some mix of natural vegetation Class 4 = Irrigation supplemental pure Class 5 = Irrigated supplemental mixed with significant rainfed Class 6 = Irrigated supplemental with some natural vegetation Class 7 = Irrigated supplemental with significant natural vegetation Class 3 = Irrigated with significant mix of natural vegetation Class 8 = LULC with irrigated Class 1 = Rainfed croplands with some mix of natural vegetation Class 2 = Rainfed croplands with some mix of woodlands, forests Class 3 = Rainfed croplands with mix of wetlands, supplemental, and natural vegetation Class 4 = Natural savanna vegetation and rainfed croplands mix Class 5 = Natural woodlands, forests and rainfed croplands mix GIAM GMRCA Global Cropland Extent

Class 1 = Croplands, irrigated dominance = 1,2,4,5,6,,7 (GIAM 8classes) Class 2 = Croplands, rainfed dominance = 1,2,3 (GMRCA 5 classes) Class 3 = Natural vegetation with minor cropland fractions= 3, 8 (GIAM 8classes) Class 4 = Natural vegetation dominance with very minor cropland fractions = 4,5 (GMRCA 5 classes) 4 cropland nominal 1 km derived from of GIAM 8 classes and GMRCA 5 classes Global Cropland Extent Croplands Level1

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) based on Thenkabail et al. 2009, Pittman et al. 2010, Yu et al., 2013 and Fried et al.2010 ~2.3 billion hectares full pixel area (FPAs) with 34% irrigated and 66% rainfed.

U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of Interior Global Cropland Extent Version 1.0 (GCE V1.0) based on Thenkabail et al. 2009, Pittman et al. 2010, Yu et al., 2013 and Fried et al.2010 Class#Class DescriptionPixelsPercent #Namesunitless% 1Croplands, irrigated major (3 of 4 or 4 of 4 ) % 2Croplands, irrigation minor (2 of 4) % 3Croplands, rainfed major ( 3 of 4 or 4 of 4) % 4Croplands, rainfed minor (2 of 4 or 3 of 4) % 5Croplands, minor fragments, 2 of % 6Croplands, insignificant fragments, 2 of Croplands, minor fragments, 1 of Croplands, insignificant fragments, 1 of Class 1,2,3,4 and class 5 total % Note: 1=appriximately 2.3 billion heactars 2 = % calculated based on class 1,2,3,4,and 5. Class 6,7 and 8 are minor cropland fragments Table : Global cropland extent at nominal 1-km based on three major studies: Thenkabail et al. (2009), Pittman et al. (2010), Yu et al. (2013) and Fried et al.(2010). Eight class map.