Native Americans

Early Native Americans Many Thousand of years ago there was a land bridge between Asia and North America. Present Day Russia and Alaska During the Ice Age, people were able to walk back and forth

Bering Strait

First People of the Americas First Peoples of America were Nomads. Nomads do not have a permanent place to live. Moved with their food About 7,000 years ago they learned how to farm. Set up a community and population began to grow. The Native Americans settled in arctic ice fields, mountains, and deserts.

Early Americans With Farming No longer chasing food. Able to specialize in a certain type of job. Weaving, Pottery, and building.

Early Native Americans Maya Central America Present Day Guatemala Farmers Rotated crops not to wear out the soil. Writers(advanced form) Books Records Calendar

Maya Alphabet

Early Native Americans Aztec South America Present Day Mexico Selected this land because of a legend Aztec say an eagle standing on a cactus with a snake on its beak. Sign from their god Huitzilopochti Named their new land Tenochtitlan Land of the prickly pear Cactus.

Aztec Used Natural Resources Reed Boats for fishing and traveling. Built causeways. A raised road or path to be able to travel over a body of water. Built Chinampas *floating gardens* Mud piles that were rich with nutrients. Great for farming.

Growing up Aztec Name was given to the day you were born. Most children went to school. House of Tears School for Aztec Leaders. Girls and Boys learned: Aztec History Religion To be Respectful and Honest.

Growing up Aztec Boys Age 10 trained to be soldiers Shaved their heads but a lock of hair Couldn’t be cut until they captured a prisoner in battle Goal was to become a knight. Wore suits made of feather or animal skins To terrify the enemy. They fought not to kill but to capture prisoners

Growing Up Aztec Advice from an Aztec Book: Do not sleep too much, or you will become a sleeper a dreamer. Speak very slowly. Do not speak fast, do not pant or squeak or you will be called a groaner, a growler, a squeaker. When you are called, do not be called twice or you will be thought lazy or rebellious.

Life of the Aztecs Prisoners of War Became slaves Sacrificed to Aztec gods. god Heuitzilopochtili Brought out the sun to chase away the moon and stars. god needed energy. Received this energy from human blood. To make sure the sun came up every day thousands of slaves and prisoners were sacrificed.

Early Native Americans Mound Builders and Anasazis Southwest and Southeast Regions of the USA Started farming and building villages around 3000 BC. Mound Builders Lived near where the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers Meet. Lived with plentiful rainfall plant and animal life.

Build Mounds for everything Burial Buried possessions with their dead. Moundbuilders Build Mounds for everything Burial Buried possessions with their dead. Religious purposes.

Anasazi Desert Dwellers Dry Climate preserved their artifacts. Moist climates, artifacts rot or decay. Found mostly in the “4 corners” Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah.

Anasazi Lived in the “4 corners” 2000 years ago. Built Houses Farming Beneath rock cliffs Sides of Canyons Mesas ( tall flat hills) Farming Irrigation Brought water to dry areas.

Anasazi Left their land around 900 AD Drought Even irrigation couldn’t bring water Enemies Joined other tribes.

The first peoples were Nomads. What are Nomads? People who lived in villages. People that were human. People who moved with their food.

The Bering Straight is how the first peoples crossed into the Americas. True False

What was an outcome of people learning how to farm? Over population of animals. Population grew. People became obese. Soil lost all of its nutrients.

Maya Indians…. Were advanced writers. Were excellent farmers. Both A and B Neither A and B

Aztec Children went to school. True False

Aztec Indians believed that Their god needed energy to bring up the sun each day. They must kill in battle to please their god. That girls had no need for school. That they should keep their prisoners in good conditions so that the enemy tribe will do the same for theirs.

Anasazi artifacts were kept in good condition because the climate was Arid. True False

Native Americans of the West

Tlingit(organizer) Region: Northwest Lived mostly in Alaska, northernmost part of the Northwest Climate: coast, mild winters, cool summers, wet climate Northwest coast- wet climate, helped a rich variety of plants to grow

Tlingit rectangular cedar-plank houses with bark roofs. large (up to 100 feet long) and each one housed several families from the same clan (as many as 50 people.) Long House

Totem Poles special events. Tall Logs carved with many designs. Honor families or chiefs

Native Americans of the West Food Farming was difficult. Natural Resources gathered roots and berries from the forests that lines the shore, used fish & sea animals for food.

Tlingit Tribe Natural Resources: Everyone in the tribe participated in the Salmon Run The salmon run is the time at which salmon swim back up the rivers in which they were born to mate.

Tlingit (Foldable) Salmon- Important source of food Salmon Run- a family could catch 1,000 pounds of fish Fish could be dried or smoked, so that it could be saved through out the year.

Tlingit Other Natural Resources: Wood, plants, & animals from the forests to make food,shelter, clothing, blankets, & boats.

Tlingit Tribe Technology Due to Water Ways Plenty of time do to technology there was a plentiful supply of Natural Resources. Technology is the design and use of tools, ideas, and methods to solve problems. Large Homes, Totem poles Due to Water Ways Tribes were able to trade with other Tribes Made them very wealthy.

Arts and Crafts Beadwork Bag Beaded Band

Tlingit Tribe Potlatch- special feasts at which the guests, not the hosts, receive gifts, family could take years to prepare for a potlatch This occasion could be to honor a new chief or celebrate a wedding.

Tlingit Tribe Potlatch: Host Distributes HUNDREDS of gifts. Host gets the Respect. Each host tries to out do the other hosts.

Conflict with the Govt. U.S. govt. forced Northwest Coast people to move far from the ocean 1971- a law that gave back to the Native American in Alaska over 44 million acres of their original homelands

The Tlingits were apart of the Southwest region. True False

How did the Salmon run affect the Tlingits? Provided over 1,000 lbs of food. Everyone had to participate. They were able to save the Salmon through out the year. Only A and B. All of the Above. None of the above.

What type of Dwelling did the Tlingits live in? Teepee Wigwam Longhouse

Why did they have plenty of time for Technology? Plentiful Resources. Many members of the tribe. Many slaves.

With their extra time, they were able to focus their extra time on Technology. One form of technology was the Totem pole. True False

On your own sheet of paper to be turned in…… Summarize the importance of the potlach on the Tlingit tribe. Summarize: A brief explanation of what has been taught, or what you have learned.

Native Americans of the Southwest

Native Americans of the Southwest Tribe-Hopi Hopiti Gentle people Typically farmers

Hopi Region: Southwest Desert Environment- land mostly made of tall mountains, deep canyons, steep mesas Mesas is an elevated area of land with a flat top and sides that are usually steep cliffs.

Hopi Climate: Very dry, hardly any rain Very hot (day) Freezing (night) Blizzards and Flooding

Very sacred to the Hopi everyone had a job. Food- Dry Farming way of growing crops in places where there is little water built dams & irrigation canals. Hardy crops: corn with long roots, squash, beans, cotton. Very sacred to the Hopi everyone had a job.

Hopi Not many Had to improvise with invention Adobe Bricks Natural Resources Not many Had to improvise with invention Adobe Bricks Made from mud and straw

Hopi Life Shelter To keep out intruders Pueblos-(villages) adobe(clay) apartment style homes- protection from heat and extreme cold To keep out intruders 1st floor of the pueblos was built with out doors or windows used ladders

Kachinas Kachina ceremonies Kachinas are spirits that visit villages for half of every year. Believe they bring rain to help crops grow. Show people how to live, behave, bring peace & prosperity

Kachinas Ceremonies held through out the 6 months the Kachina was in the village. Each Dancer represented a differed Kachina Other dancers are Tcutckutu They cause Mischief Takes years to train to become a dancer.

Kachinas Example of a Sun Kachina Example of an Eagle Kachina

Kachina and Tcutckutu

The Hopi were like the Anasazi in which of the following ways? They believed their god moved the sun. They did Dry farming with dams and irrigation. Both 1 and 2. Neither 1 or 2.

Crops were sacred to the Hopi True False

Many Native American Tribes are able to survive because of their Natural Resources. Did the Hopi have a lot of natural resources to use? Yes. No.

On your own sheet of paper: Explain the challenges that the Hopi Indians would face from living on a mesa.

Native Americans of the Plains

Lakota Sioux Region: Villages Prairie Black Hills Great Plains Middle West Prairie Flat or gentle rolling land covered with grass and wildflowers. Black Hills Villages located near rivers, plenty of water for farming

Lakota Sioux Climate: Summers Extremely Hot Winters Extremely Cold Lack of Rain made farming difficult Only farmed near rivers.

Native Americans of the Plains Village Living Lodges homes made of logs covered w/ grasses, sticks, & soil. From Buffalo caught Made Beef Jerky

Native Americans of the Plains Food Men left their villages to hunt buffalo in the summer Lived in Teepees.

Lakota Sioux Teepees Travois cone-shaped tents made of animals. easily folded up & moved to follow the buffalo. Travois sled-like device for carrying people & belongings

Lakota Sioux Modern Made Teepee Authentic Teepee.

Natural Resources Utilized the Buffalo with everything that they did. Teepee Food Clothing

Horses 1500s, Spanish arrived, in NA w/ horses that changed the Plains’ lives Sioux tamed wild horses that escaped from the Spanish. Buffalo took place of farming and many stopped living in Villages. Started to live and follow the buffalo.

Lakota Sioux Sioux Indian Nation 20,000 people 7 Tribes

Lakota Sioux Battles were fought to prove courage. Weapons Coup Stick- French for “strike” or “hit” used in a battle Did not strike to kill. Bow and Arrows Rifles After the Spanish.

Life of a Sioux Child Boys Girls Hunted with their fathers. School Chores Lacross Girls School Chores Dolls Helped mothers build houses

Lakota Sioux 12 Day Summer Ritual Self-sacrifice. Sun Dance 12 Day Summer Ritual Self-sacrifice. Bonding of the Men of the tribe. Dancing and inflicting wounds. Lakota Sioux

The Sioux lived in the Middle West The Sioux lived in the Middle West. This part of the country has prairies. True False

Although the hot summers and cold winters made farming difficult, what was another factor? Lack of rain. Lack of Natural Water Resources. They were in the desert. Didn’t have to farm so there was no problem.

What was used during battle that would not kill the enemy? Bow and Arrow Rifle Coupe Stick Teepee

What sport is popular today that was also popular with the Sioux? Basketball Lacrosse Track Soccer

On your own sheet of paper…. Please explain why it was a good idea for the Sioux to live in Teepees and not in their villages. Paragraph form At least 4 complete sentences.

Native American of the Eastern Woodlands

Native American of the Eastern Woodlands Two Main Tribes: Algonquian Iroquois Both Very similar to each other since they are from the same region.

Eastern Woodlands Region: Eastern Woodlands. Present Day North East Region. Iroquois Mostly New York State. Near the top of the Appalachian Mountains. Near the Great Lakes

Climate: Iroquois Wet Cold Winters Cool Summers 4 distinct seasons Humid Wet Cold Winters Cool Summers 4 distinct seasons

Iroquois Shelter: Longhouses Iroquois where called Hoddenosaunee-”people of the longhouse” Longhouses long buildings made of poles covered w/ sheets of bark. Can be 200ft. long, provided a home for several families Common Cooking area Separate living areas

Long House

Iroquois Clothing a long rectangular piece of tanned deerskin, cloth, or animal fur. It is worn between the legs and tucked over a belt, so that the flaps fall down in front and behind. Sometimes it is also called a breechclout, loincloth, skin clout, or just a flap.

Eastern Woodlands Food(Natural Resources) Ideal Climate for Farming 16 types of Corn 60 types of Beans Women were in charge of Farming. Forest: Animals, Syrup, nuts, roots, vegetables, oils, fruits, berries, teas, and herbs for medicine. Oceans provided plenty of Sea Food Seals, Fish, Shrimp, Scallops.

Iroquois Iroquois Confederacy Same Political Beliefs. 6 Nations Hodenosaunee Trail- a trail that ran the main villages of all 5 Iroquois peoples. 6th was further south in North Carolina. Same Political Beliefs. Each nation had a Chief that made local decisions.

Iroquois Confederacy A union of the 5 peoples of the Iroquois: Onondaga, Mohawk,Oneida, Seneca, Cayuga Great Laws-rules to follow, living in peace Compromise-settling of a dispute by agreeing that each side give up something

Iroquois Technology: Wampum (Not a Natural Resource) consisted of small, polished beads Usually made from shells & then strung or woven together. Woven into a necklace or a belt. Given as a gift on special occasions

Wampum Often made to help remember an important event.

Clan Mother of Iroquois Group of families who share the same ancestors Clan mother Men were the head of each clan, Women held a great deal of power in the Iroquois world. Clan mothers and other clan women chose the male leaders but if unhappy replaced him.

Conflicts among the Iroquois Around 1300 numbers increased, arguments arose and fighting broke out, conflicts were over hunting grounds. According to Iroquois Legend Deganawida and Hiawatha saw this was going to happen.

Study Guide *Cultural regions are seven areas where Native Americans developed different ways of living. *Origin stories are tales that explain how Earth and its people came to be.

Which type of house was popular with the Iroquois? Teepee Wikiup Wigwam Longhouse

The Easternwoodlands Native Americans had plenty of Natural Resources. True False

What is a Breechcloth? An article of clothing that the men would wear. Cloth a baby would be wrapped up in. An article of clothing that women would wear.

Who were in Charge of the tribes? Men Women Children Noone

On your own sheet of paper Answer: Explain how the tribes used Origin stories to aid in their survival. Paragraph form At least 6 complete sentences.