Safe Work Practices Instructional Goal: the participant will be more aware of the need for proper training on safe work practices at a waste site and the functions workers serve in prevention of accidents and exposures.

Standing Orders u distributed to everyone u posted at command post u posted at access points u reviewed

Example Standing orders for the EXCLUSION ZONE No smoking, eating or drinking. No matches or lighters. Check in at the entrance Access Control Point before you enter. Check out at the exit Access Control Point before you leave. Always have your buddy with you.

Walking and Working Surfaces u openings u stairs u ladders u scaffolds

Overhead and Underground Utilities u underground  law in most states to call before digging u overhead  power lines are the greatest above-ground utility hazard

Electrical Accident Prevention u call before you dig u no conductive jewelry u allow minimum clearances when working with overhead lines  qualified  unqualified

Assisting a victim u protect yourself u shut off power or knock the victim free u call for medical assistance u administer CPR, if necessary

Tools and Heavy Equipment u proper maintenance u regular inspection u safe work procedures

Energy Sources u lockout u tagout

Heavy Loads u lifting improperly is the largest cause of back pain and injury u use proper lifting techniques  bend the knees  do not twist or turn body once you have made the lift  make sure you can carry the load where you need to go before lifting  always push, not pull, objects when possible

Ergonomics disorders and injuries  musclo-skeletal disorders  muscles, tendons, joints, and bones  CTDs(cumulative trama disorders)  musclo-skeletal or nervous system

Hazard Prevention and Control u Engineering Controls  Design work stations to fit the person u Work Practice Controls  Training

Special Case Problems u vacuum trucks u elevated tanks u compressed gas cylinders u ponds and lagoons u tanks and vaults

Handling Drums u OSHA u OSHA (29 CFR Parts 1910 and 1926)  includes general requirements and standards for storing, containing, and handling chemicals and containers as well as for maintaining equipment used for handling materials. u DOT u DOT(40 CFR Part 265)  includes requirements for types of containers, maintenance of containers and containment structures, and design and maintenance of storage areas. u EPA u EPA(49 CFR Parts 171 through 178)  specifies requirements for containers and procedures for shipment of hazardous wastes.

Inspection of Drums u Look for  symbols  deterioration  drum type and  configuration of drumhead

Classify into Preliminary Hazard Categories u radioactive u leaking/deteriorated u bulging u explosive/shock-sensitive u lab waste or other dangerous materials

Planning A preliminary plan should be developed which specifies the extent of handling necessary, the personnel selected for the job, and the most appropriate procedures based on the hazards associated with the probable drum contents as determined by visual inspection.

Handling Drums u respond to leaking, open, and deteriorated drums  overpacking  bulking u unstack and orient drums for sampling u organize drums to minimize chemical incompatibilities

Handling Drum Materials u Radioactive  Do not handle, contact health physicist u Explosive/shock-sensitive  seek specialized assistance u Packaged laboratory waste  have a chemist inspect the contents

Bulging Drums u pressurized drums are extremely hazardous u grappler unit constructed for explosive containment

Leaking/Deteriorated Drums u plug u patch u transfer, pump  bonded  grounded u overpack

Staging (5 areas possible)  Initial - type, size, and content  Opening - sampled and resealed  Sampling - if needed  Holding - until sampling results received  Final/bulking  dike 1ft high  bulked for final transport  only characterized substances

BULKING u Increased transportation efficiency  tanks  vacuum trucks

Shipment Prior Planning Established Procedures

Hazardous Material u Hazardous Substances - OSHA  to people in the workplace or the community u Hazardous Materials - DOT  presents a danger during shipment u Hazardous Chemicals - EPA  danger to the environment u Hazardous Wastes -EPA  no commercial value

Hazardous Waste Transportation u transportation legislation and regulations (DOT)

Transportation Requirements u Labeling containers u Placarding vehicles u Manifests

Transportation Accidents Regulated by CFR 40 and 49 It is the transporter’s responsibility to cleanup the discharge.