Uncertainty in Measurement

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Presentation transcript:

Uncertainty in Measurement Precision: how close together the measurements are to one another Accuracy: How close to the true value

Significant Figures What’s Significant? -Sig. Figs tell the reader how precise the measurements were taken What’s Significant? All non-zero digits (1,2,3,etc.) 2. All Zeros appearing in between non-zero digits (101,102, etc.) 3. Zeros that appear in front of non-zero digits are NOT significant Example: 0.000007  7x 10-6 (only one sig fig)

Sig fig rules 4. Zeros at the end of a number and RIGHT of the decimal place ARE significant Example: 0.0500 (3 sig figs) 5. Zeros to the right of a number are not significant, Unless there is a decimal point Ex. 5200 2 sig figs however: 5200. Now has 4 sig figs

How many significant figures in each 314________ 60________ 0.00034______ 100________ 500.0_______ 0.0406______ 0.0002000_______ 1.32 x 105______

1. 42 ______________ 2. 4003_____________ More Examples Indicate the number of significant figures 1. 42 ______________ 2. 4003_____________ 3. 301____________ 4. 40.0 _____________ 5. 60 ______________ 6. 0.07 _____________ 7. .000756 ___________ 8. 5600 ____________ 9. 50. _____________ 10. 9.000_____________ 11. 40.345 _________ 12. 4303 ______________ 13. 0.00009 __________ 14. 0.8030 __________ 15. 900.0 ____________ 16. 15.60 _________ 17. 1.35 x 104__________ 18. 2.1 x 10-6_________

Significant Figures in Calculations Multiplication/Division ------The answer can have no more significant figures than there and in the measurement with the smallest number of Sig. Figs. Ex. 17.2 x 3.0 = 51.6 (3) (2) Therefore have to round to 2 sig figs 52 Solve and answer with the correct number of sig figs 1. 0.7 x 0.3__________ 2. 162/ 10____________ 3. 162/ 10.__________ 4. 162 / 10.0___________ 5. 0.040 x 2.00_________ 6. 2.4 x 102/189__________

Addition / Subtraction Answer can have no more decimal places than there are in the smallest measurements. (# To the right of the decimal) Ex. 3.95 + 2.879 +213.6 In addition / subtraction we can gain or lose sig. Figs. 45 + 55 = 100 (2) (2) (1)