AP Chapter 16 The Civil War

Mobilizing for War Both sides blamed each other for starting the war and both thought it would be a quick easy victoryBoth sides blamed each other for starting the war and both thought it would be a quick easy victory Attack on Fort Sumter, SC in April of 1861 started the warAttack on Fort Sumter, SC in April of 1861 started the war 100,000 joined the Confederate army out of patriotism100,000 joined the Confederate army out of patriotism

Border States (VA, AR, TN and NC) joined the southern causeBorder States (VA, AR, TN and NC) joined the southern cause Maryland’s loyalty was divided but remained loyal to the UnionMaryland’s loyalty was divided but remained loyal to the Union Missouri, Delaware, Kentucky also remained which was a severe blow to the southMissouri, Delaware, Kentucky also remained which was a severe blow to the south 1 st Battle of Bull Run- Confederates defeated the Union troops in a bloody conflict1 st Battle of Bull Run- Confederates defeated the Union troops in a bloody conflict

Bull Run

Civil War Advantages North PopulationPopulation Political leadershipPolitical leadership ManufacturingManufacturing Foreign PolicyForeign Policy Naval SuperiorityNaval Superiority South MoraleMorale Military leadershipMilitary leadership Military trainingMilitary training Strategic positionStrategic position

Expanding the Power of the Federal Government Legal Tender Act- created a national currency “greenbacks”Legal Tender Act- created a national currency “greenbacks” Morrill Tariff Act- raised tariffsMorrill Tariff Act- raised tariffs Homestead Act gave 160 acres of land to homesteaders to move westHomestead Act gave 160 acres of land to homesteaders to move west Morrill Land Grant Act- allowed states to create agricultural and mechanical collegesMorrill Land Grant Act- allowed states to create agricultural and mechanical colleges

Political Issues of the War Lincoln acted as Commander in ChiefLincoln acted as Commander in Chief Sec. of State Seward- made sure France & GB remained out of the war b/c they favored the SouthSec. of State Seward- made sure France & GB remained out of the war b/c they favored the South Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus in the border states to prevent rebellionsLincoln suspended Habeas Corpus in the border states to prevent rebellions

Failures of the Confederacy Davis tried to unify the states which was difficult and gain recognition from EuropeDavis tried to unify the states which was difficult and gain recognition from Europe South struggled to raise money to support the war which led to inflationSouth struggled to raise money to support the war which led to inflation South often lacked resources during the warSouth often lacked resources during the war Confederacy had to create a military draft that angered southernersConfederacy had to create a military draft that angered southerners

Early Fighting Anaconda Plan- goal was to restrict the south with a blockade of the sea and the Mississippi RiverAnaconda Plan- goal was to restrict the south with a blockade of the sea and the Mississippi River Peninsular Campaign- northern goal was to take Richmond, VA the capital of the ConfederacyPeninsular Campaign- northern goal was to take Richmond, VA the capital of the Confederacy Gen. McClellan acted slowly and eventually abandoned the Peninsular CampaignGen. McClellan acted slowly and eventually abandoned the Peninsular Campaign

Antietam bloodiest day of the war but the Union checked Lee’s advanceAntietam bloodiest day of the war but the Union checked Lee’s advance Gen. Grant led the Shiloh Campaign along the Mississippi River and was very successful in battleGen. Grant led the Shiloh Campaign along the Mississippi River and was very successful in battle Naval blockade struggled at first but gradually gained strengthNaval blockade struggled at first but gradually gained strength

The Black Response Many blacks fled and were used to build forts and other work in the northern campsMany blacks fled and were used to build forts and other work in the northern camps Towards the end of the war blacks were allowed to fight in segregated groupsTowards the end of the war blacks were allowed to fight in segregated groups As the North drove deeper in the South the black response grewAs the North drove deeper in the South the black response grew

Emancipation Proclamation Republicans/Northerners were hesitate with emancipating the slavesRepublicans/Northerners were hesitate with emancipating the slaves After the victory at Antietam, Lincoln decided to go ahead with emancipationAfter the victory at Antietam, Lincoln decided to go ahead with emancipation Emancipation Proclamation (1863) freed the slaves in the ConfederacyEmancipation Proclamation (1863) freed the slaves in the Confederacy Union lacked the ability to enforce the proclamationUnion lacked the ability to enforce the proclamation

13 th Amendment- adopted in 1865 and formally abolished slavery13 th Amendment- adopted in 1865 and formally abolished slavery The war proved to be extremely deadly and worse than anyone anticipatedThe war proved to be extremely deadly and worse than anyone anticipated Generals were slow to adjust to the new strategies and over 620,000 diedGenerals were slow to adjust to the new strategies and over 620,000 died Army nurses played a key role on both sidesArmy nurses played a key role on both sides

Life of a Soldier Disease was rampant throughout both campsDisease was rampant throughout both camps Neither side was well equipped and both faced long marchesNeither side was well equipped and both faced long marches Battle was bloody and any wound often led to deathBattle was bloody and any wound often led to death Desertion was high especially in the SouthDesertion was high especially in the South

Wartime Politics Northerners were joined together in the war effortNortherners were joined together in the war effort Copperheads- term given to northern war dissenters and those suspected of aiding the Confederacy and were led by Clement VallandighamCopperheads- term given to northern war dissenters and those suspected of aiding the Confederacy and were led by Clement Vallandigham Economy soared in the northEconomy soared in the north

Union draft in 1863 led to massive riots throughout the North especially in NYCUnion draft in 1863 led to massive riots throughout the North especially in NYC The wealthy could hire someone to replace them if they paid $300The wealthy could hire someone to replace them if they paid $300 The term “A rich man’s war a poor man’s fight” was commonThe term “A rich man’s war a poor man’s fight” was common Draft riots in July 1863 caused 105 deaths in NYCDraft riots in July 1863 caused 105 deaths in NYC

The Tide Turns Gettysburg Lee hoped a major victory in northern territory would bring France and GB into the warGettysburg Lee hoped a major victory in northern territory would bring France and GB into the war 3 day battle and over 50,000 died for a Union victory3 day battle and over 50,000 died for a Union victory Grant defeated the Confederacy in Vicksburg, MSGrant defeated the Confederacy in Vicksburg, MS Combined victories kept the Europeans outCombined victories kept the Europeans out

Grant and Sherman Grant became the commander of the Union Army in 1864Grant became the commander of the Union Army in 1864 Grant and Sherman both wanted to inflict maximum damage to destroy the South’s will to fightGrant and Sherman both wanted to inflict maximum damage to destroy the South’s will to fight Sherman’s March to the Sea demoralized the south and he used Total War TacticsSherman’s March to the Sea demoralized the south and he used Total War Tactics

Grant and Sherman

Sherman's March to the Sea

Election of 1864 Lincoln defeated Gen. McClellan (D) and pushed for the unconditional surrender of the SouthLincoln defeated Gen. McClellan (D) and pushed for the unconditional surrender of the South Northern population advantage gradually beat down the SouthNorthern population advantage gradually beat down the South By 1865 Southern support for the war and wanedBy 1865 Southern support for the war and waned

Appomattox Lee and his troops surrendered to Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse in April of 1865Lee and his troops surrendered to Grant at the Appomattox Courthouse in April of 1865 Davis fled to Texas but was later capturedDavis fled to Texas but was later captured April 14 th Lincoln is assassinatedApril 14 th Lincoln is assassinated

Conclusion North struggled early in the war but gradually gained the upper handNorth struggled early in the war but gradually gained the upper hand Southerners fought heroically until their ultimate defeatSoutherners fought heroically until their ultimate defeat Lincoln was a great leader and ended slaveryLincoln was a great leader and ended slavery