Physical Properties of Matter Those characteristics that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance:  Color  Taste  Density  Melting point  Odor  Hardness  Solubility  Boiling point

Chemical Properties of Matter Those characteristics that can be observed when the substance undergoes a change in composition Only observable when a substance reacts with another substance

Observations:

Reaction Occurring

Physical change: Change which does not alter its composition Physical change: Change which does not alter its composition Chemical change: The composition of the substance is changed. Chemical change: The composition of the substance is changed. Nuclear change: Rare  One element is changed into another Nuclear change: Rare  One element is changed into another

States of Matter Solid: fixed volume, maintains its own shape Solid: fixed volume, maintains its own shape Liquid: fixed volume, takes shape of container Liquid: fixed volume, takes shape of container Gas: takes volume and shape of container Gas: takes volume and shape of container Plasma: does not exist naturally on Earth, like a gas but particles are highly charged & energetic Plasma: does not exist naturally on Earth, like a gas but particles are highly charged & energetic

Elements: building blocks from which all matter is constructed, they cannot be decomposed into simpler items by ordinary means Elements: building blocks from which all matter is constructed, they cannot be decomposed into simpler items by ordinary means Compounds: pure substances that are composed of two or more elements combined in chemically fixed proportions Compounds: pure substances that are composed of two or more elements combined in chemically fixed proportions

Comparison of Compounds and Mixtures Compounds Compounds –Elements are present only in a unique ratio –Combination of elements often occurs with emission of light or heat –Atomic level change evident when compound forms –Properties are different than elements composed of –Not easy to reverse back to elements

Comparison of Compounds and Mixtures Mixtures Mixtures –Elements not present in fixed proportion –No dramatic change evident upon mixing –No fundamental atomic level change –Properties often average of component properties –Fairly easy to revert back to individual components

Mixtures Either homogeneous or heterogeneous Either homogeneous or heterogeneous Homogeneous mixture: Uniform throughout Solution Homogeneous mixture: Uniform throughout Solution Heterogeneous mixture: Not uniform on microscopic or macroscopic level Heterogeneous mixture: Not uniform on microscopic or macroscopic level Mixtures can be combinations of any phases Mixtures can be combinations of any phases

Which of the following are solutions? A. chocolate chip ice cream A. chocolate chip ice cream B. stainless steel B. stainless steel C. A glass of Kool-Aid C. A glass of Kool-Aid D. a soft drink D. a soft drink E. The gas used for cooking or heating E. The gas used for cooking or heating F. A pair of blue jeans F. A pair of blue jeans

List some common examples of mixtures List some common examples of mixtures List some common compounds List some common compounds

Key: Things that are tied together like Key: Things that are tied together like are intended to be compounds, Shapes alone are intended to be elements