EDUCATION- 教育  The traditional concept of education emphasizes the mastery of subject matter and competence in specific study. As now, education is interpreted as the sum of the activities directed at developing the total behavior of human being toward the fulfillment of himself in the society. 以往強調特定主題，今日則是落實於在社會中全人行動的 實踐特定主題全人行動 實踐 PSYCHOLOGY- 心理學  is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. In other words, psychology is the science of human and animal behavior, it includes the applications of this science to human problems. 心理學是人性和動物行為的科學，包含對於人問題的科學人性和動物 應用。

What is Educational Psychology? 何謂教育心理學  Educational Psychology is the branch of Psychology which is concerned with the applications of the principles, techniques and other resources of psychology to the solution of classroom problems. 運用心理學的原則、技術與資源處理班級問題 ( 教育問題 )心理學原則技術資源問題

 Opportunity to make a positive difference in the lives of your students. 機會使學生在生活中有正向的差異正向的差異  Opportunity to help students negotiate the challenges they face as they experience physical, social, emotional and cognitive changes. 有機會協助學生體驗生理、社會、體驗 情緒與認知改變的協調認知協調  Teachers are held accountable for the academic success of each student.student 教師肩負起每位學生學習成就肩負學習成就 OPPORTUNITIES 機會 CHALLEGES 挑戰

ADDRESSING ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT DIVERSITY 差異的描述假設

Effective teachers are aware of the diversity they are likely to encounter in the classroom. 有效能的教師能覺知在班級中遇到的差異性效能  minority group- 少數民族 少數民族  Ethnic group- 族群 族群  Racial group- 種族團體 種族  Sex- 性別 ( 生理 )  Gender- 性別 ( 社會性 ) 性別  Socio-economic status 社經地位  Disability- 失能障礙 失能障礙

Effective teachers attempt to understand the possible causes of differences among groups. 有效能的教師能覺知群體間差異的可能原委差異原委

Effective teachers address and embrace diversity. 有效能的教師描述與擁抱差異擁抱  Prejudice feelings- 預設立場  Confirmation bias- 功能固著  Belief perseverance- 馬太理論 馬太理論  Discrimination- 歧視 歧視

EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY : A RESOURCE FOR TEACHERS 教育心理學 - 教師的一項資源

 Educational Psychology links the science of psychology to educational practice and provides teachers with evidence-based knowledge to support their day-to-day decision making in the classroom. 教育心理學運用心理科學在教育實務上，並提供與支持教 師每天在班級做決定的實證知識基礎做決定

EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY: THE SCIENCE- 科學的教育心理學

 The science of Educational Psychology involves formulating theories. 教育心理學科學涉及論證的理論  Theories are sets of ideas used to explain a phenomenon and make predictions about behavior - and then conducting research on those theories. 理論是信念的總和，用來歸納、解釋、預測行為預測

BASIC GUIDELINES FOR OBTAINING REPUTABLE RESEARCH: 對於遵守既成研究的基礎引導 1. Don’t use newspaper and magazine articles, because they are not research articles. 不要使用報紙與雜誌文章報紙雜誌 2. Don’t do Internet searches using search engines, because they may not yield credible sources. 不要使用網路搜尋引擎 3. Do find peer-reviewed articles in scholarly journals at a local university library. 在地大學圖書館中尋找學術期刊的文章 4. Do visit websites of professional associations to see if they have links to education research groups.- 專業協會網站的連 結

THREE ELEMENTS IN EVERY RESEARCH STUDY- 研究三要素 1. Samples- 樣本 2. Measures- 測量 3. Design – 設計

1. SAMPLES  A smaller set of individuals from the population of interest.

2. MEASURES  A framework of gathering information. SOME MEASURES COMMONLY USED IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH: 1. Observations 2. Interviews 3. Tests and Surveys

3. DESIGNS  describe the data collection method or research approach that is used in a study. It defines the various ways by which information is gathered for evaluation or assessment.  Variables can be a) Events b) Characteristics c) behaviors

TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGNS 1. DESCRIPTIVE DESIGNS  is a quantitative research design that describes phenomena as they exist, taking care not to influence subjects or events in any way.

TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGNS 2. CORRELATIONAL DESIGNS  refers to a statistical technique that can show whether and how strongly pairs of variables are connected. Generally, a correlation design is used to describe the statistical association between two or more variables.

TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGNS 3. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS  An experimental research design is considered the most accurate method of research. Usually applied to the physical sciences, it attempts to prove or disprove a hypothesis numerically, using statistical analysis.

TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGNS 4. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS  these experiments can be useful in generating data to indicate general trends. They are effective in obtaining a general overview that can be followed up with a quantitative or case study to focus on the underlying reasons for the results generated.