8.1 © 2003 by Prentice Hall 8 8 TELECOMMUNICATIONSANDNETWORKS Chapter

8.2 © 2003 by Prentice Hall What technologies are used in telecommunications systems?What technologies are used in telecommunications systems? What telecommunications transmission media should our organization use?What telecommunications transmission media should our organization use? How should our organization design its networks?How should our organization design its networks? Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks OBJECTIVES

8.3 © 2003 by Prentice Hall What alternative network services are available to our organization?What alternative network services are available to our organization? What telecommunications applications can be used for electronic commerce and electronic business?What telecommunications applications can be used for electronic commerce and electronic business? Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks OBJECTIVES

8.4 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Managing LANsManaging LANs Managing bandwidthManaging bandwidth MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks

8.5 © 2003 by Prentice Hall THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTION Telecommunications: Communication of information by electronic meansTelecommunications: Communication of information by electronic means The marriage of computers and communications: The 1996 Telecommunications Deregulation and Reform ActThe marriage of computers and communications: The 1996 Telecommunications Deregulation and Reform Act The Information Superhighway: High-speed digital telecommunications networks, accessible by the general publicThe Information Superhighway: High-speed digital telecommunications networks, accessible by the general public Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks

8.6 © 2003 by Prentice Hall COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Computers to process informationComputers to process information Terminals or any input/output devices that send or receive dataTerminals or any input/output devices that send or receive data Communications processorsCommunications processors Communications softwareCommunications software Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Telecommunications System Components

8.7 © 2003 by Prentice Hall COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Components of a Telecommunications System Figure 8-1

8.8 © 2003 by Prentice Hall COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Transmit informationTransmit information Establish interface between sender and the receiverEstablish interface between sender and the receiver Route messages along most efficient pathsRoute messages along most efficient paths Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Functions of Telecommunications Systems

8.9 © 2003 by Prentice Hall COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Perform elementary processing of informationPerform elementary processing of information Perform editorial tasks on dataPerform editorial tasks on data Convert message speed or formatConvert message speed or format Control flow of informationControl flow of information Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Functions of Telecommunications Systems

8.10 © 2003 by Prentice Hall COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Analog signal Continuous waveformContinuous waveform Passes through communications mediumPasses through communications medium Used for voice communicationsUsed for voice communications Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Types of Signals: Analog and Digital

8.11 © 2003 by Prentice Hall COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Digital signal Discrete waveformDiscrete waveform Transmits data coded into two discrete states as 1-bits and 0-bitsTransmits data coded into two discrete states as 1-bits and 0-bits Used for data communicationsUsed for data communicationsModem Translates computer’s digital signals into analog and vice versaTranslates computer’s digital signals into analog and vice versa Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Types of Signals: Analog and Digital

8.12 © 2003 by Prentice Hall COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Functions of the Modem Figure 8-2

8.13 © 2003 by Prentice Hall COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Twisted wire: Telephone systemsTwisted wire: Telephone systems Coaxial cable: Cable televisionCoaxial cable: Cable television Fiber optics and optical networks: Dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM)Fiber optics and optical networks: Dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM) Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Communications Channels

8.14 © 2003 by Prentice Hall COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Wireless transmission: Microwave, Satellites, Paging systems, Cellular telephones, Personal communication Services, Personal digital assistants, Mobile data networksWireless transmission: Microwave, Satellites, Paging systems, Cellular telephones, Personal communication Services, Personal digital assistants, Mobile data networks Transmission: Baud, bandwidthTransmission: Baud, bandwidth Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Communications Channels

8.15 © 2003 by Prentice Hall COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Frequency Ranges for Communications Media and Devices Figure 8-3

8.16 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Figure 8-4 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS Amoco’s Satellite Transmission System

8.17 © 2003 by Prentice Hall COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF A TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM Front-end processor: Manages communications for the host computerFront-end processor: Manages communications for the host computer Concentrator: Collects and temporarily stores messagesConcentrator: Collects and temporarily stores messages Controller: Supervises communication trafficController: Supervises communication traffic Multiplexer: Enables single communication channel to carry data transmissionsMultiplexer: Enables single communication channel to carry data transmissions Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Communications Processors and Software

8.18 © 2003 by Prentice Hall COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS Star Network: All computers and other devices are connected to a central host computerStar Network: All computers and other devices are connected to a central host computer Bus Network: Links a number of computers by a single circuitBus Network: Links a number of computers by a single circuit Ring Network: All computers are linked by a closed loopRing Network: All computers are linked by a closed loop Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Network Topologies

8.19 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks A Star Network Topology COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS Figure 8-5

8.20 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks A Bus Network Topology COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS Figure 8-6

8.21 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks A Ring Network Topology COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS Figure 8-7

8.22 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Private Branch Exchanges Central switching systemCentral switching system Handle firm’s voice and digital communicationsHandle firm’s voice and digital communications Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.23 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Local Area Networks Telecommunication networkTelecommunication network Require its own dedicated channelsRequire its own dedicated channels Encompass a limited distanceEncompass a limited distance Gateway, router, Network Operating System (NOS), peer-to-peerGateway, router, Network Operating System (NOS), peer-to-peer Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.24 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS A Local Area Network (LAN) Figure 8-8

8.25 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Wide Area Networks (WANs) Telecommunication networkTelecommunication network Span large geographical distanceSpan large geographical distance Consist of variety of cable, satellite, and microwave technologiesConsist of variety of cable, satellite, and microwave technologies Switched lines, dedicated linesSwitched lines, dedicated lines Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Private Branch Exchanges, Local Area Networks (LANs), and Wide Area Networks (WANs) COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.26 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Value-Added Networks (VANs) Private, multipath, data-only, third-party- managed networkPrivate, multipath, data-only, third-party- managed network Other Network Services Packet switching, Frame Relay, Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)Packet switching, Frame Relay, Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), Digital subscriber line (DSL), Cable modems, T1 line, BroadbandIntegrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), Digital subscriber line (DSL), Cable modems, T1 line, Broadband Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Network Services and Broadband Technologies COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.27 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Packed-Switched Networks and Packet Communications Figure 8-9 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.28 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Converged network Network with technologyNetwork with technology Enables voice and data to run over a single networkEnables voice and data to run over a single network Unified messaging System combining voice messages, , and faxSystem combining voice messages, , and fax Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Network Convergence COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.29 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Electronic Mail and Groupware Eliminates telephone tag and costly long-distance telephone charges Eliminates telephone tag and costly long-distance telephone charges Groupware: Enables work groups at different locations to participate in discussion forums and work on shared documents and projectsGroupware: Enables work groups at different locations to participate in discussion forums and work on shared documents and projects Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business Technologies COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.30 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Voice Mail and Fax Voice mail: Digitizes spoken message and transmits it over a networkVoice mail: Digitizes spoken message and transmits it over a network Fax: Digitizes and transmits documents over telephone linesFax: Digitizes and transmits documents over telephone lines Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business Technologies COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.31 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Teleconferencing, data conferencing, and videoconferencing Teleconferencing: Ability to confer with a group of people simultaneouslyTeleconferencing: Ability to confer with a group of people simultaneously Data conferencing: Two or more users can edit and modify data files simultaneouslyData conferencing: Two or more users can edit and modify data files simultaneously Videoconferencing: Participants are able to see each other over video screensVideoconferencing: Participants are able to see each other over video screens Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business Technologies COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.32 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Digital information services, distance learning and E-Learning Distance learning: Education or training delivered over a distance to individuals in one or more locationsDistance learning: Education or training delivered over a distance to individuals in one or more locations E-learning: Instruction delivered online using the Internet or private networksE-learning: Instruction delivered online using the Internet or private networks Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business Technologies COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.33 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Direct computer-to-computer exchange between two organizations of standard business transaction documentsDirect computer-to-computer exchange between two organizations of standard business transaction documents Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Electronic Data Interchange COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.34 © 2003 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems Chapter 8 Telecommunications and Networks Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Figure 8-10 COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

8.35 © 2003 by Prentice Hall 8 8 TELECOMMUNICATIONSANDNETWORKS Chapter