INT 3131 INT 313: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION Fall November 2002 The United Nations I: An Introduction

INT 3132 Summary ( ) The Genesis of the United Nations 1. Preliminary Stages of Postwar Planning 2. The Dumbarton Oaks Conversations 3. From Yalta to San Francisco 4. The San Francisco Conference 5. Establishment of the UN

INT 3133 Lecture Outline ( ) The United Nations I: An Introduction 1. The Charter of the UN 2. The Objectives of the UN 3. The Principles of the UN 4. The Organization of the UN

INT 3134 The UN Charter  signed on 26 June 1945, in San Francisco ; and came into force on 24 October  The Statute of the International Court of Justice is an integral part of the Charter.  The Charter has a preamble and 19 chapters : purposes, principles, structure and functions

INT 3135 Objectives of the UN 1. To maintain international peace and security 2. To promote international economic and social cooperation 3. To promote respect for human rights for all peoples 4. To develop friendly relations among nations 5. To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends (Article 1 of the Charter)

INT 3136 Principles of the UN 1. the sovereign equality of the members (legal equality o all the members) 2. All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state 3. All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means 4. All members shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter 5. All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance the target enemies (Article 2 of the Charter)

INT 3137 Other Principles 1. Domestic jurisdiction (article 2, Exception Chapter VII) 2. Right of individual or Collective self-defence (article 51) 3. Registration of international treaties 4. Priority of the Charter over other int agreements 5. Juridical capacity of the UN

INT 3138 The Organization of the UN The Principal Organs of the UN are: General Assembly Security Council Economic and Social Council Trusteeship Council Secretariat International Court of Justice

INT 3139 The General Assembly composed of representatives of all Member States decisions of the Assembly have no legally binding force for Governments – carry the weight of world opinion – the moral authority of the world community Regular and irregular sessions » Palestine » Disarmament Execute its functions through committees – Political and Security Committee – Economic and Financial CommitteeSocial, Humanitarian and Cultural Committee – Trusteeship Committee – Administrative and budgetary Committee – Legal Committee

INT Functions of the General Assembly To discuss and recommend – on cooperation in the maintenance of international peace and security – the powers and functions of any organ of the United Nations – the scope of the Charter – the peaceful settlement of any situation To supervision and review – Central coordinating body – Periodic reports – Supervise other organs Amendment and Revision of the Charter (2/3 Majority) Deciding Financial Matters – Consider and approve the budget

INT Functions of the General Assembly Elective Functions – Non-permanent members of the SC – Members of ECOSOC – Non-administering members of the Trusteeship Council – The selection of judges for ICJ – The appointment of the Secretary General – Admission and expulsion of the members