World Geography TodayChapter 5 Human Geography Preview Section 1: Population GeographyPopulation Geography Section 2: Cultural GeographyCultural Geography Section 3: World Languages and ReligionsWorld Languages and Religions Chapter Wrap-Up

World Geography TodayChapter 5 Read to Discover How do geographers study population? What are some important trends in world population? Section 1: Population Geography

World Geography TodayChapter 5 To study relationships between populations and environments, geographers use statistics: Maps Population pyramids Graphs Spatial perspective Key statistics: Population density Population change Population distribution Natural increase Section 1: Population Geography Studying Population

World Geography TodayChapter 5 World population is increasing rapidly. Economic development results in lower population growth rates. Many less-developed nations are gradually reducing population growth. Population projections vary, but future population-related challenges are inevitable. Section 1: Population Geography World Population Trends

World Geography TodayChapter 5 Question What technological improvements have led to the world’s population growth? Section 1: Population Geography

World Geography TodayChapter 5 Sanitation advances lead to cleaner living conditions, which help people stay healthy. Agricultural advances lead to increased food production, which allows more people to live in an area. Medical advances lead to better health care, which allows people to live longer. Reasons for Population Increases Section 1: Population Geography

World Geography TodayChapter 5 Read to Discover How do geographers study culture? How do cultures change over time? Section 2: Cultural Geography

World Geography TodayChapter 5 Culture Traits—Activities and behaviors common to groups of people, such as reading, doing math, and methods of eating; many culture traits are linked Culture Regions—Areas in which people share culture traits Section 2: Cultural Geography Studying Culture

World Geography TodayChapter 5 Question How would you describe the following traits of your own culture? Section 2: Cultural Geography

World Geography TodayChapter 5 Religion Education Economy Housing Clothing Language Food Culture Traits Section 2: Cultural Geography Government

World Geography TodayChapter 5 Cultures change over time through general processes such as communication, migration, war, and trade. Key concepts: Innovation—Adoption of new and useful ideas Diffusion—Spread of ideas Globalization—Worldwide adoption of traits Traditionalism—Maintenance of traditions Section 2: Cultural Geography How Cultures Change

World Geography TodayChapter 5 Read to Discover What is the geography of the world’s languages? What are the three main types of religions that geographers identify? Section 3: World Languages and Religions

World Geography TodayChapter 5 Languages have spatial characteristics; they are linked to specific regions and people. Languages are divided into families and branches. Geographers study the origins and spread of languages. Section 3: World Languages and Religions Geography of Languages

World Geography TodayChapter 5 Ethnic—Focus on one ethnic group; examples: Hinduism, Judaism, Confucianism, Taoism Animist—Focus on spirits and forces of nature; often have ethnic basis; common in traditional societies Universalizing—Seek worldwide following; examples: Islam, Christianity Section 3: World Languages and Religions Types of Religions

World Geography TodayChapter 5 Question What are examples of each of the three main types of religions identified by geographers? Section 3: World Languages and Religions

World Geography TodayChapter 5 Ethnic Religions Confucianism Hinduism Judaism Shintoism Taoism Animist Religions Traditional religions Universalizing Religions Christianity Islam Section 3: World Languages and Religions

World Geography TodayChapter 5 Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas 1.What do population geographers use to study population patterns and trends? 2.What factors influence migration? 3.What are culture traits? What is one example of how culture traits vary from place to place? 4.Why is language fundamental to culture? 5.Why is religion fundamental to culture?