Global Governance Institutions Regimes Transnational Networks

Global Politics  Global Governance Challenges traditional distinctions: inside/outside, territorial/non-territorial Highlights richness and complexity of “the political” and the interconnections between actors Both Formal and Informal orgs. – States – Intergovernmental Organizations, international agencies, supranational institutions (EU) – non-state actors: NGOs, MNCs – Transnational advocacy networks and social movements Not just political/security issues: other economic, social, ecological questions – Pollution, human rights, drugs, terrorism

“International Regime” “implicit or explicit principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures around which actor expectations converge in a given issue area of international relations” (Krasner, 1983, p. 2) Not just temporary or ad hoc agreements ““intervening variables” between basic power and economic structures of the international system and definite outcomes” (Held et.al. 1999)

Regimes of International Governance: for example: Polar bear agreement/Antarctica/Outer space Law of the sea regime/fisheries International air transport/telecommunications Security regimes – Europe: NATO/EU/OSCE, etc. – Nuclear testing and non-proliferation Global trade and finance: – WTO/IMF/G7/MNC’s/Anti-globalization movement/Fair trade networks Human rights Environmental issues: climate change

Why is there such growth in global governance? Increasing global enmeshment Westphalian system “Balance of Power” not sufficient to prevent extreme forms of violence against humanity and other common problems in the public domain

Key elements of transformation: Individuals and groups have become recognized as subjects of international law (not just the state) International law not just about security, geopolitics – Economic, social, environmental issues International law emanates not just from consent of states, but from “will of the international community”  dense patchwork of regulatory mechanisms and regimes – Growing pressure of NGOs for new forms of accountability – Desire to deal with collective policy problems

Internationalization of the state Agreements and political activity between states – Policy networks: department to department – High level summits: G8, EU, IMF, APEC, MERCOSUR summits – 4000 annual conferences sponsored by IGOs

Supranational organizations European Union Economic structures – Nafta, Asean, Mercosur, FTAA, Cafta

UN System International deliberative forum in which developing countries have +/- equal status – Formal framework for decolonization Governance of “international public goods” – Air traffic control, telecom, postal service, contagious diseases, relief for refugees, environmental commons Forum for collective decision-making, – human rights, women’s rights, AIDS,

Transnationalization Relations and activities cutting across national territorial boundaries – Production and finance MNCs Banks and finance/ also remittances from migrant networks – International NGOs : 1951: 832  1996: 5472 Green peace International Confederation of Trade Unions (ICTU) Religious congresses Social NGOs: Oxfam, Red Cross, Religious development orgs Action at a distance The Boomerang Pattern

Transnational communities (informal) Migrants – Economic impacts – Political impacts of new “boundaryless” identities Citizenship: voting from a distance Non-citizens influences place of residence Different ideas meshing together Civil Society: Informal Development networks – Sister Cities – ICT4D community – Engineers without Borders

Global Governance  Cosmopolitan Law Global Environmental Law – “Economic Zones” Continental shelf-200 miles from coast – “Common Heritage of Mankind” Convention on the Moon and other Celestial Bodies Convention on the Law of the Sea UN Framework Convention on Climate Change – Montreal Protocol on CFCs Kyoto Protocol? On track or stalled?

Case for Global Governance? Distinctions between domestic and foreign affairs is vaguer  “Boundary problem” – AIDS – Climate – Nuclear waste – Financial markets – Terrorism Political control is no longer assumed to be located within boundaries of single nation-state alone Sovereignty not completely subverted, just augmented; however it is no longer exclusive and indivisible “Overlapping communities of fate”