1 Measuring Key Dimensions of Progress: Human Rights and Democratic Governance By Raul Suarez de Miguel International Conference… (PUT HERE THE TITLE OF THE CONFERENCE) Sanaa, Yemen, XX-XX April 2007

2 EVOLVING PARADIGM OF PROGRESS Enlightenment: knowledge and freedom (18 th cent.) Modern science and technology (19 th –20 th cent.) Economic growth / economic integration (40s-60s) Social integration / fair distribution of wealth (60s) Quality of life (70s and 80s) Human development (80s and 90s) Sustainable development (90s and 00s) Millennium Development Goals (late 90s and 00s) Gross National Happiness (00s)

3 GLOBAL HUMANISM: TODAY’ S PARADIGM OF PROGRESS AND DEVELOPMENT Universally shared values Universally shared goals Universally shared tools

4 GLOBAL HUMANISM: THREE KEY DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT Human rights Democratic participation Governance and accountability

5 CAN THESE KEY DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT BE MEASURED ? By whom? With which methods? Under which conditions? For which purposes?

6 through several pilot national experiences carried out in different regions of the world in an interactive fashion. These pilot experiences were willingly selected to address sensitive issues in real difficult environments and in different political, social and cultural contexts. METAGORA FORMULATES A RESPONSE

7 A Decentralized Laboratory Content

8 A North/South community gathering together, on a partnership basis, the multidisciplinary expertise of leading organizations and individuals with different specific skills, missions, institutional profiles and constituencies. WHO IS IMPLEMENTING METAGORA?

9 METHOD OF WORK A bottom-up approach consisting of: identifying with stakeholders national key issues for which evidence-based assessment could be policy relevant; applying statistical methods adapted to the particular context; assessing these methods for their capacity to provide national policy-relevant results; providing stakeholders with a shared knowledge on the policy issues at stake; contributing to draw global lessons from the local pilot experiences.

10 A PARTICIPATORY PROCESS based on local multi-disciplinary teams and consultative mechanisms. This includes: Around 70 experts working in the various national implementing teams; Some 100 stakeholders involved in local advisory bodies and mechanisms; Some 550 stakeholders who have been attending, at the national level, consultation meetings, workshops, training sessions or focal group discussions.

11 RESPONDING TO BASIC QUESTIONS Can multidimensional human rights and democratic governance issues be measured through surveys? Will people respond to sensitive questions? Will the gathered information be statistically significant and politically relevant? Can official statistical agencies be involved? How to build rights-based indicators? How can qualitative narrative information be coded and processed and subject to statistical analysis? etc…

12 LESSON 1 Measuring human rights and democratic governance is technically feasible and politically relevant. Sensitive data on human rights, democracy and governance can be collected and analysed using statistical tools.

13 Example: measuring irregularities, abuse of power and ill- treatment in Mexico City (Federal District) Persons without abuse 47 % Persons with contact 24 % Persons with abuse 53 % Persons with non- physical abuse 93 % Persons with physical ill-treatment 7 % Incidence of contact with public security and procurement of justice authorities Incidence of abuse Type of abuse Target population: persons aged 15 or more living in the Federal District (6,400,000 persons) Reference period: events occurred between November 2003 and October 2004 Measuring method: random sample household survey, conducted through face-to-face interviews. Persons without contact 76 %

14 Example: Non-physical abuse in contacts with law enforcement authorities (Survey results correspond to 2,300,000 contacts experienced by 1,520,000 persons)

15 Example: Measuring corruption

16 LESSON 2 On the basis of this information, indicators can be produced that are relevant and useful for political decision and action.

17 Example: levels of corruption and civil servants’ wages in Antananarivo, Madagascar

18 Example: in Peru, support for democratic regime weakens as corruption perception increases

19 LESSON 3 Quantitative data and qualitative information can and should interrelate to properly inform assessment of human rights and democratic governance.

20 Example: linking quantitative and qualitative approaches to assess indigenous peoples’ rights in the Philippines Quantitative approach: SURVEY FINDINGS Qualitative approaches: FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS  High perception and awareness of rights to ancestral domain and land (Bago, 68%), Bugkalot (70.8%), Kankana-ey (60.8%)  Government is in second place as source of information of rights to ancestral domain and land: Bago 28.4%, Bugkalot 54.2%, Kankana-ey 22.4%.  Experienced violations of rights consisting of encroachment (Bago-6%, Bugkalot 30.9% and Kankana-ey 13.2%); pollution (Bago, 4.7% Bugkalot, 17.7%, Kankana-ey, 8.8%); illegal entry (Bago, 5.3%, Bugkalot, 46.3% and Kankana-ey, 13.2%). Existence of violations on land grabbing by private individuals (Bago 50%; Bugkalot, 56.5%, Kankana-ey, 55.6%), council of elders and others  Substantial awareness and availment of governmental programs and services  Enjoyment of land ownership and acquisition of right to ancestral domain  Average satisfaction (68-78%) on delivery of government programs and services  90% considered customary laws helpful in solving land issues; 52% of land issues are resolved by customary laws  Top five primary needs: adequate food, housing, water system, livelihood and education  Tribal leaders and women with higher awareness and perception of rights to ancestral domain and land. Youth has lowest awareness. Right of ownership, to develop lands and natural resources and to stay in territories well understood. Low or no awareness of other rights listed under IPRA. Apparent confusion of rights due to lack of knowledge about distinction or difference between rights to ancestral domain and land  Positive effect of IPRA on their rights to ancestral domain and rights  Existence of violations and sources are tribesmates, other tribes, private mining companies  Recognition of government efforts in fulfilling rights to ancestral domain and land  Customary law as primary source of dispute resolution affecting rights to ancestral domain and land LOCAL CONSULTATIONS  Demand for relevant and deeper human rights and IPRA education  Need for livelihood and organizing especially from women sectors  Development aggression of private sectors permitted/not controlled by government and co-opted by some tribal leaders  Lack of delivery of vital services  Discriminatory policies to access rights to education and other social services  Pollution of and inadequate water resources  Peace and order to ensure personal security

21 LESSON 4 Official Statistical Agencies can be efficiently involved in evidence-based assessment of human rights and democratic governance.

22 VARIOUS FORMS OF INVOLVEMENT OF NATIONAL STATISTICAL OFFICES Leading / conducting measurement Supporting / advising SCOs based work Providing SCOs and policy-makers with proper measuring tools

23 LESSON 5 Statistical analysis and quantitative indicators bring a significant value-added to the work of national Human Rights Institutions.

24 LESSON 6 Statistical methods can substantially enhance the research and advocacy of civil society organizations in the fields of human rights and democracy.

25 LESSON 7 Evidence-based assessment of human rights and democratic governance is a widespread need emerging worldwide. Many initiatives in different regions of the world, with approaches and objectives similar to those of Metagora, have been identified and documented.

26 LESSON 8 Pilot experienceds, problems encountered and lessons learned were documented in the form of training materials. These aim at facilitating the replication and extension of the pilot experiences in other countries and other contexts.

27 LESSON 9 A North/South network of experts and institutions has been consolidated around Metagora and is continuously growing. This operational network, which is unique in the world, is able to provide the international community with skills and capacities for making a decisive jump towards the enhancement of measuring methods and indicators

28 LESSON 10 Use measuring tools as a policy-oriented engine for: generating evidence-based assessment and monitoring of progress, addressing grass-roots, nationally specific concerns and expectations, developing indicators that reflect what local actors consider important, enhancing sustainable national capacity to measure and analyze human rights and democratic governance isues, in NGO / official statistics / academic intersection, replacing fragile expert-based estimates by robust survey-based data and analysis, enhancings the role of leading national institutions, in particular National Statistical Offices, Civil Society and Academy.

29 Conclusion: official statistics can inform policies and have a concrete impact. Mexico: dialogue between human rights institutions, stakeholders, political authorities and heads of law-enforcement authorities; Philippines: empowerment of stakeholders action and review of census design to increase visibility of indigenous people; South Africa: institutional follow-up of surveys’ results (Dept of Land Affairs) and improved interaction between stakeholders; Palestine: concrete interaction and mutual support between the NSO and NGOs in monitoring social and economic rights; Madagascar and Peru: starting of analysis of impact of policies based on time series produced by NSOs.

30 Warm Thanks for Your Attention !